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THIS DAY IN HISTORY November 20 1945 Nuremberg trials begin Twenty-four high-ranking Nazis go on trial in Nuremberg, Germany, for atrocities committed during World War II beginning on November 20, 1945. The Nuremberg trials were conducted by an international tribunal made up of representatives from the United States, the Soviet Union, France and Great... read more Sponsored Content by REVCONTENT 19th Century 1820 American vessel sunk by sperm whale Black History 1835 New York Committee of Vigilance founded Crime 1903 Tom Horn is hanged in Wyoming for the murder of Willie Nickell 2003 Music producer Phil Spector charged with murder of actress European History 1947 Princess Elizabeth marries Philip Mountbatten 1992 Windsor Castle catches fire Inventions & Science 1866 Pierre Lallement patents the modern pedal bicycle 1923 Garrett Morgan patents three-position traffic signal LGBTQ+ History 1999 The first Transgender Day of Remembrance is held Sports 1982 Cal beats Stanford as band blocks field World War I 1917 British launch surprise tank attack at Cambrai

🔋 Clean-energy investment record Data: Rhodium Group. Chart: Axios Visuals Consumers scrambling to take advantage of expiring tax credits for electric cars drove a record-breaking $75 billion quarter of U.S. clean-energy investments, Axios' Amy Harder writes from a report by the Rhodium Group and MIT. Reality check: This is poised to be a high-water mark for such investments, since a rush to beat expiring tax credits only happens once.

📈 Nvidia's monster quarter Illustration: Tiffany Herring/Axios Nvidia — the world's biggest company, which makes chips that power AI — delivered record earnings results with revenue up 62% year-over-year, impressing even the lone analyst on Wall Street who advises investors to sell the stock, Axios Markets author Madison Mills writes. Why it matters: The results and market reaction so far indicate nothing is stopping the Nvidia train. The eye-popping numbers from Nvidia — which makes up 8% of the S&P 500 and 1% of the global market — may help ease concerns that the market is heading full speed into an AI bubble. CEO Jensen Huang addressed this at the top of his remarks on the call, saying that "there's been a lot of talk about an AI bubble. From our vantage point, we see something very different."

🤖 Trump's plan to rein in state AI laws Photo illustration: Sarah Grillo/Axios; Photo: Alex Grimm/Getty Images The White House is floating an executive order to override state AI laws by launching legal challenges and placing conditions on federal grants, according to a copy of the draft seen by Axios' Ashley Gold and Maria Curi. Why it matters: It would mark a sharp escalation in the administration's bid to centralize and accelerate America's AI policy — and could face legal scrutiny. The draft executive order — "Eliminating State Law Obstruction of National AI Policy" — calls on government agencies to move aggressively to end a patchwork of state laws in favor of a "minimally burdensome national standard." Keep reading.

💒 Charted: Gen Z's marriage divide Reproduced from Pew Research Center. Chart: Axios Visuals The share of 12th-grade girls in America who are interested in getting married someday has dropped 22 points in the last three decades — from 83% in 1993 to 61% in 2023, Axios' Erica Pandey writes. The percentage of boys who want to get married has remained roughly the same, according to a Pew analysis of University of Michigan survey data. Why it matters: It's yet another data point illustrating the deep divide between young men and women — in politics, religion and life goals.

💥 Under-the-radar immigration dragnet Photo Illustration: Aïda Amer/Axios; Photo: Scott Olson/Getty Images ICE gets all the attention. But a new cluster of joint task forces is quietly becoming a potent part of President Trump's mass deportations push, Axios' Brittany Gibson writes. Why it matters: A single joint task force raid last weekend in San Antonio netted more arrests than ICE and Border Patrol's high-profile entry into Charlotte. The Texas raid, which targeted alleged Tren de Aragua gang members, resulted in more than 140 arrests, Axios San Antonio reported. Two days of an enforcement surge in Charlotte totaled 130. The San Antonio operation resulted in more arrests than a similar operation in Chicago with federal agents and a Black Hawk helicopter, which caught 37 people. 🔎 Zoom in: The task forces, co-led by the FBI and ICE's Homeland Security Investigations unit, will eventually have outposts in all 50 states. They're up and running in South Texas, Alaska and Indianapolis. They'll have a centralized command center led by Attorney General Pam Bondi and Homeland Security Kristi Noem, with a mandate to combat cartels, international gangs and terror groups. Data: Axios research. Map: Sara Wise/Axios Mapped above: Outside of the task forces, ICE has done high-profile operations in LA, Chicago, Charlotte and Raleigh, with one planned after Thanksgiving in New Orleans. Keep reading.

Big red alert Illustration: Sarah Grillo/Axios Everywhere Republicans look, they see big political trouble. Worse, they think things will get much bleaker before better as AI spreads through 2026, Jim VandeHei and Mike Allen write in a "Behind the Curtain" column. Republicans see it in the top November races, where they got cooked. They see it in rising internal MAGA drama and division. And they increasingly see it in private and public polls showing President Trump's persistently plummeting popularity on key issues. Why it matters: Step back and survey the political landscape. Republicans aren't only losing elections, they're consistently losing support on prices and the economy, in all polls, big or small, Republican or Democrat, over a several-month period. You can't spin yourself out of reality. "People are depressed," a Trump loyalist at the barricades told us. Five new polls this week show Republicans' problems might be even deeper and more worrisome than many fear: In a Fox News Poll out last evening, voters said the White House is doing more harm than good on the economy: 46% said they've been hurt by the administration's economic policies, 15% say they've been helped and 39% said Trump has made no difference. Edelman this week released a flash update to its highly influential Trust Barometer, showing Americans are deeply fearful and distrustful of the Trump administration's top domestic fixation: accelerating AI. Big majorities are pessimistic about the technology broadly, and super-anxious that robots will eat their jobs. The global poll found that younger people in the U.S. (18-34) are much more distrustful of AI than their counterparts elsewhere in the developed world. Edelman CEO Richard Edelman told us: "People might believe that AI is globalization 2.0 — that jobs will shift out of our country, and jobs will go to ... somebody younger or cheaper." In Wisconsin, the swingiest of swing states, a new Marquette Law School Poll shows Democrats are more motivated and more popular heading into the 2026 elections. Voters are flunking Trump on the economy and inflation. These numbers are brutal: 36% approve of the Trump economy, and 28% approve of his handling of inflation and the cost of living. Looking to the future, 60% think Trump will drive prices even higher. Just 27% believe he'll lower them. A Marist Poll found Democrats have a 14-point lead over Republicans on the midterm generic ballot. ("If the 2026 election for Congress were held today, which party's candidate are you more likely to vote for in your district?") "This is the first time in more than three years that Democrats have had a notable advantage on the congressional generic ballot question," Marist notes. A year ago, registered voters were split 48% to 48%. Fox Business featured a Reuters/Ipsos poll showing Trump's approval rating falling to 38% — the poll's lowest since his return to power, weighed down by his handling of the cost of living, and by the Epstein fracas. (Nate Silver's approval average is 41.5%. The Real Clear Polling average is 42.7%.) New pictures taken yesterday from the Washington Monument show White House construction. Photo: Jose Luis Magana/AP 🖼️ The big picture: Trump officials know they need to shift this perception dramatically — and quickly. Yet big, lavish black-tie dinners with the Saudis or gold-plated White House renovations make it harder to convince voters that Trump is on the case. There are also signs, small but noteworthy, of Republicans' rock-solid unity starting to fracture a bit — including the House revolt on the Epstein files ... the Senate's refusal to yield to Trump's demand to scrap the filibuster, which would allow simple-majority votes ... and roadblocks to Trump's push for pro-GOP redistricting in Texas, Indiana and Kansas. If the economy goes south — or perceptions of it remain in the cellar — Trump will have the same problem President Biden did: telling people their feelings and perceptions are wrong. The bet: Trump officials tell us they feel confident the economy will grow and prices will ease starting in Q1 of next year. Trump will then declare victory on rescuing, then juicing the economy — and warn a Democratic Congress would pull America back to the Biden economy days. The Trump machine would then use redistricting wins (producing more winnable seats) + Trump's political money ($1 billion+) to protect the GOP's thin House majority. Steve Bannon, whose "War Room" podcast is one of the most muscular MAGA machines, told us he hopes this red alert will inspire "Action, Action, Action" by Trump. "Let's run the table [with] a simple plan, aggressively executed," Bannon texted us. "The President may have to bang some heads. [His] entire plan has an objective of GROWTH, JOBS, HIGHER WAGES — now execute." 🥊 Reality check: Yes, Trump is right that Trump and Republicans do well when he's on the ballot. But he never will be again. And if you look at other recent elections without Trump running, you see why Republicans are panicky. More often than not, they lose. A smart analysis by Tim Carney, a senior fellow at American Enterprise Institute, a top conservative think tank, captured this reality starkly: "In 2016, Republicans controlled 31 governorships and 68 legislative chambers. Come January, the GOP will control only 26 governorships and 57 legislative chambers (more than a 15% reduction on both scores)." President Trump, Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and Elon Musk talk at a Saudi investment conference in D.C. yesterday. Photo: Evelyn Hockstein/Reuters The other side: The Democratic brand remains in the dumps. But most polls show a generic Democrat beating a generic Republican for Congress in 2026. And poll after poll shows about two-thirds of independents — the swing voters — down on just about everything Republicans do other than fighting crime and shutting the Southwest border. The bottom line: The chances of a fast, decisive economic surge aren't high. Most forecasts project modest growth and continued pricing pressure for many household goods. Toss in Al and its possibility to gut new white-collar jobs, and you can clearly see the GOP risk — and angst. Marc Caputo contributed reporting. 🇸🇩 What we're watching: President Trump said he'll give greater attention to helping find an end to the brutal civil war in Sudan, after being urged to take action by Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. Keep reading.

Jellyfish are considered biologically immortal. They don't age and will never die unless they are killed. James

🍂 Parting shot! Photo: Stewart Verdery Reader Stewart Verdery — who frequently contributes stunning snaps to Finish Line — sends this shot of Manhattan: autumn in Central Park against the city's towering skyline.

Republicans shun Trump's $2,000 giveaway From leadership to Trumpy freshmen, GOP senators are not enthused by Trump's idea of sending $2,000 checks to Americans. "I'm not nuts for it," Sen. Kevin Cramer (R-N.D.) told us. Why it matters: Many senators think such a move would require congressional authorization, and they'd rather see the money go toward reducing the deficit. Senate Majority Leader John Thune told reporters yesterday that the tariff revenue is "considered to be substantial at this point and hopefully can be put to a useful purpose. Again, in my view, one of which would be repaying the debt." "I think it would be good to use the tariff revenues to pay down the debt and the deficit," Capito told us. "I think we should pay down the deficit," said Sen. Bernie Moreno (R-Ohio). Between the lines: "I think it's got to come through Congress," said Sen. John Kennedy (R-La.). White House officials say they're looking at ways to send out the checks without congressional sign-off. The bottom line: Cramer conceded it can be argued that "lower-income Americans deserve a break. Maybe they do, but I also think that, you know, it's got potential to be somewhat inflationary." Asked if Trump would need congressional approval for such a move, Cramer said: "He'll test it. That's my guess." — Stef Kight

😷 ACA enhanced subsidies look doomed Lawmakers are losing hope for a deal to extend the Affordable Care Act's enhanced subsidies, with leaders in both parties admitting the odds of a bipartisan deal are slim to none. Sen. Brian Schatz (D-Hawaii), a leadership member, told us today it "seems imaginary" that Republicans can find 13 votes to extend ACA tax credits. Why it matters: The Senate will vote next month on extending the subsidies, which cover 22 million people and expire at the end of the year. But Republicans are uniting against an extension, with President Trump pushing against it. That leaves Democrats arguing internally over what to do next. Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) proposed this week that Democrats unite around a package that would repeal $1 trillion in GOP health care cuts, expand Medicare and lower prescription drug prices, we first reported. Moderates want to pursue a proposal that could pick off some Republican support and, against all odds, pass the Senate. A Senate Finance Committee hearing on the issue today descended into familiar partisan sparring, and no productive bipartisan ACA talks have taken place behind the scenes. The bottom line: Sen. Shelley Moore Capito (R-W.Va.), also a member of leadership, told reporters she expects a side-by-side vote on partisan health care bills next month. "We're going to settle on a package of our own," she said, adding, "rather than trying to get a bipartisan vehicle right now. I don't see that happening." — Stephen Neukam, Stef Kight and Peter Sullivan

⚡️ Jeffries faces "Mamdani revolution" Photo illustration: Allie Carl/Axios. Photos: Angelina Katsanis, Michael M. Santiago and Noam Galai/Getty Images House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries is emerging as the left's latest target in its campaign to unseat as many establishment House Democrats as they can, particularly in New York. "People are pissed, they're sad, they're concerned," former Progressive Caucus co-chair Rep. Marc Pocan (D-Wis.) told us. Why it matters: The establishment isn't going down without a fight, despite what one House Democrat dubbed the "Mamdani revolution." That same House Democrat told us: "Every young idealist says, 'If [New York City Mayor-elect Zohran] Mamdani can do it, so can I.' Never mind that Mamdani is an exceptional talent." Mamdani himself isn't fully on board with all these efforts, telling a local TV station about potential Jeffries challenger Chi Ossé: "Right now is not the time to be engaging in that kind of a primary." But a Justice Democrats spokesperson told us the group is "very interested in building on Zohran's momentum" and that "you can expect more news on that in the coming weeks." Driving the news: Chuck Park, a former New York Economic Development Corporation staffer, launched a bid against Rep. Grace Meng (D-N.Y.). He joins Michael Blake, a former state Assemblyman and Democratic National Committee vice chair, who is challenging Rep. Ritchie Torres (D-N.Y.). Rep. George Latimer (D-N.Y.) told us he "wouldn't be surprised if I have a primary opponent" backed by the Democratic Socialists of America. Rep. Adriano Espaillat (D-N.Y.), the chair of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus, will "likely" be a target as well, a progressive consultant told us. New York City comptroller Brad Lander and New York City council member Alexa Avilés are both seen as possible challengers to Rep. Dan Goldman (D-N.Y.), whose district Mamdani won overwhelmingly. Zoom in: Rep. Jerry Nadler (D-N.Y.), a longtime New York City politico, told us: "Brad Lander will win." Nadler later called us to walk back his comments, saying, "I really don't know who's going to win." "I was reacting to some public polling I saw," he added. "I'm not even sure Brad's running." Said Goldman spokesperson Simone Kanter: "The Congressman is eager to put his record in Congress against anyone who wants to challenge him over the next seven months. Whether it is Brad or anyone else, they will face the fight of their life if they choose to run against Dan Goldman." — Andrew Solender

US Rep. Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick of Florida indicted on charges of stealing $5M in disaster funds MIAMI (AP) — U.S. Rep. Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick of Florida has been indicted on charges accusing her of stealing $5 million in federal disaster funds and using some of the money to aid her 2021 campaign, the Justice Department said Wednesday. https://apnews.com/article/cherfilus-mccormick-fema-theft-campaign-funds-35b99f987380c9509735c45dd36db1c8?

Fluoride in drinking water does not negatively affect cognitive ability — and may actually provide benefit, study finds The longstanding public health practice of adding fluoride to community drinking water is facing heavy scrutiny in the United States over questions about whether the benefits outweigh the potential risks. But new research challenges recent claims about the risks of fluoride in drinking water — and instead suggests that it may have additional positive effects. https://www.cnn.com/2025/11/19/health/fluoride-drinking-water-cognition-positive-link?

Target may have hit rock bottom In the latest signal of trouble, the company reported sales dropped during its latest quarter, and Target cut its full-year profit guidance Wednesday. The company’s sales have stagnated for about four years, and Target said last month that it would cut 1,000 corporate employees, roughly 8% of its global workforce. https://www.cnn.com/2025/11/19/business/target-stock-economy?

Turning on Trump For the first time in his second term, fellow Republicans defied President Donald Trump — on the Epstein files — and he fell in line. That doesn’t mean GOP lawmakers will turn on him en masse, CNN’s Zachary B. Wolf writes, but it’s likely you will hear this term more frequently. Trump signs bill to release Jeffrey Epstein case files after fighting it for months WASHINGTON (AP) — President Donald Trump signed legislation Wednesday that compels his administration to release files on convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein, bowing to political pressure from his own party after initially resisting those efforts. https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-jeffrey-epstein-justice-department-4872c23a3ed03bf3d4c526581d3aed59? Comey Indictment Questioned Justice Department lawyers revealed yesterday they never presented a revised indictment against former FBI Director James Comey to a full grand jury—an unusual error that threatens to derail the federal government's case. In September, interim US Attorney Lindsey Halligan presented three counts against Comey to a grand jury stemming from his 2020 testimony over the Trump-Russia investigation. The grand jury rejected one false statement charge but voted to indict on the other two: a separate false statement charge and one count of obstruction. However, instead of presenting a revised, two-count indictment to the grand jury for approval, Halligan revealed yesterday that she presented the updated charging document only to the foreperson, who signed it. Comey was indicted on Sept. 25, days before the statute of limitations was set to expire. The case relates to his denying having authorized anyone at the FBI to serve as an anonymous source to news reports (see clip).

Nvidia earnings clear lofty hurdle set by analysts amid fears about an AI bubble SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — Nvidia’s sales of the computing chips powering the artificial intelligence craze surged beyond the lofty bar set by stock market analysts in a performance that may ease recent jitters about a Big Tech boom turning into a bust that topples the world’s most valuable company. https://apnews.com/article/nvidia-earnings-artificial-intelligence-boom-bubble-6feaf871d527436f98fbd8d228377b30?

👨‍💼 Billionaire businessman Tom Steyer of San Francisco entered the 2026 California governor's race to succeed term-limited Gov. Gavin Newsom (D). Steyer is campaigning on a platform of affordability, as a populist Democrat. Go deeper.

BLS cancels October jobs report due to government shutdown The Bureau of Labor Statistics will not release the October jobs report, citing the impact from the government shutdown, the agency said on Wednesday. https://www.axios.com/2025/11/19/trump-shutdown-bls-jobs-datta?

👨‍🏫 Bot for teacher Illustration: Natalie Peeples/Axios OpenAI is rolling out a new ChatGPT designed for K-12 teachers, Axios' Megan Morrone reports. 🍎 ChatGPT for Teachers is a purpose-built version of the world's most popular chatbot designed to help with classroom busywork, OpenAI says. 🛎️ The offering includes vanilla ChatGPT plus some bells and whistles, including: Collaboration features designed for teachers, plus unlimited messages with GPT-5.1 Auto, search, file uploads and image generation. 🔐 Enhanced security and compliance with federal student privacy rules. Administrative controls for school and district leaders. 💵 ChatGPT for Teachers will be free until June 2027, after which OpenAI says it will try to keep the price "as affordable as possible." Go deeper ...

Ukraine cedes land in Trump plan Data: ISW/CTP; Map: Axios Visuals Trump's new Ukraine plan would grant Russia parts of eastern Ukraine it doesn't currently control, a U.S. official with direct knowledge tells Axios' Barak Ravid. 🇺🇦 In exchange, Ukraine and Europe would get U.S. security guarantees against future Russian aggression. Why it matters: Ukraine and its backers would see that as an enormous concession to Russia. 🇺🇸 The U.S. view is that Ukraine will likely lose the territory anyway if the war continues. 🇷🇺 The Trump plan calls for Russia to gain de facto control of Luhansk and Donetsk (together called the Donbas), despite Ukraine still controlling around 12% of that territory. 🪖 The areas in Donbas from which Ukraine would withdraw would be considered a demilitarized zone, with no Russian troops allowed. 🧊 In two other war-torn regions, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia, the current lines of control would mostly be frozen in place. Russia would return some land, subject to negotiations. The U.S. and other countries would recognize Crimea and the Donbas as lawfully Russian territory, but Ukraine would not be asked to do so. 🚀 A Ukrainian official claimed the plan also includes limits on its military and long-range weapons. It's unclear what U.S. security guarantees would entail beyond a promise to defend against further Russian aggression. 🎾 What's next: "We are now going to wait. The ball is in Zelensky's court," the U.S. official said, referring to Ukraine's president. Go deeper. ps:The most useless administration!!!!!

Fiber is something most people could use more of. But experts advise caution with ‘fibermaxxing’ U.S. consumers who have had their fill of finding protein added to everything from cereal to ice cream are about to meet the next big food fad: fiber. https://apnews.com/article/fiber-fibermaxxing-digestion-wellness-730bdd5f68f448fe979f4ebd598e2340?

Ford recalls more than 200,000 Bronco and Bronco Sports for instrument panel failure WASHINGTON (AP) — Ford Motor Co. is recalling more than 200,000 Bronco and Bronco Sport vehicles because an instrument panel can fail, increasing the risk of a crash. https://apnews.com/article/ford-bronco-sport-recall-nhtsa-5e1af8b52e8283b4a8bbecf05bd68c2a?

China’s diesel trucks are shifting to electric. That could change global LNG and diesel demand HANOI, Vietnam (AP) — China is replacing its diesel trucks with electric models faster than expected, potentially reshaping global fuel demand and the future of heavy transport. https://apnews.com/article/china-truck-lng-ev-diesel-transport-70f3d612de4b45b6f954a7f557f7f741?

Israel’s military carries out strikes in Lebanon and Gaza, killing dozens of people SIDON, Lebanon (AP) — The Israeli military carried out barrages of airstrikes in southern Lebanon Wednesday on what it said were Hezbollah sites, including weapons storage facilities, after a drone strike earlier in the day killed one person and wounded several others, including students on a bus. https://apnews.com/article/lebanon-israel-airstrike-84a26c919c2636e6bd8d0a86ae166b3a?