This Day in History

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THIS DAY IN HISTORY April 07 1994 Violence erupts in Rwanda, foreshadowing genocide On April 7, 1994, violence fuels the launch of what would become the worst episode of genocide since World War II: the massacre of an estimated 500,000 to 1 million innocent civilian Tutsis and moderate Hutus. Following the first wave of massacres, Rwandan forces manage to discourage international i... read more 19th CENTURY 1805 Lewis and Clark depart Fort Mandan 1950s 1953 Sweden’s Dag Hammarskjöld elected U.N. head 1960s 1963 Tito is made president of Yugoslavia for life Art, Literature and Film History 1949 Tony-winning musical “South Pacific” opens on Broadway 1970 John Wayne wins Best Actor Oscar Civil War 1862 Battle of Shiloh concludes Cold War 1954 President Eisenhower presents Cold War "domino theory" Sports 1979 Astros' Ken Forsch pitches no-hitter, matching feat by his brother U.S. Presidents 1961 JFK lobbies Congress to help save historic sites in Egypt World War II 1945 Japanese battleship Yamato is sunk by Allied forces

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THIS DAY IN HISTORY April 08 1974 Hank Aaron breaks Babe Ruth’s all-time home run record On April 8, 1974, Hank Aaron of the Atlanta Braves hits his 715th career home run, breaking Babe Ruth’s legendary record of 714 homers. A crowd of 53,775 people, the largest in the history of Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium, was with Aaron that night to cheer when he hit a 4th inning pitch off the Los... read more 1990s 1990 18-year-old Ryan White, national symbol of the AIDS crisis, dies African History 1953 Jomo Kenyatta jailed for Mau Mau uprising in Kenya 2009 Somali pirates hijack Maersk Alabama ship Art, Literature and Film History 1990 "Twin Peaks" premieres on ABC 1994 Grunge icon Kurt Cobain is found dead three days after his suicide Crime 2005 Olympic Park bomber Eric Rudolph agrees to plead guilty Great Depression 1935 Works Progress Administration established by Congress as part of FDR’s “New Deal” Space Exploration 1993 Astronaut Ellen Ochoa becomes the first Hispanic woman in space Sports 1975 Frank Robinson makes debut as first Black manager in MLB 1989 Pitcher Jim Abbott, born without right hand, makes MLB debut Women’s History 2013 Margaret Thatcher, Britain’s first female prime minister, dies World War I 1904 Britain and France sign Entente Cordiale World War II 1944 Russians attack Germans in drive to expel them from Crimea

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THIS DAY IN HISTORY April 09 1865 Robert E. Lee surrenders In Appomattox, Virginia, on April 9, 1865, Robert E. Lee surrenders his 28,000 Confederate troops to Union General Ulysses S. Grant, effectively ending the American Civil War. Forced to abandon the Confederate capital of Richmond, blocked from joining the surviving Confed... read more Art, Literature and Film History 1859 Mark Twain receives steamboat pilot’s license 1939 Marian Anderson sings on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial 1962 Rita Moreno becomes the first Hispanic woman to win an Oscar Black History 1947 The Journey of Reconciliation—considered the first Freedom Ride—sets out from D.C. Crime 1881 Billy the Kid convicted of murder 1984 Man attempts to kill wife for money using car bomb European History 2005 Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles wed Middle Eastern History 2003 Baghdad falls to U.S. forces Space Exploration 1959 NASA introduces America’s first astronauts U.S. PRESIDENTS 1866 Ulysses S. Grant arrested for speeding in his horse buggy, newspaper reports Vietnam War 1969 “Chicago Eight” plead not guilty to federal conspiracy charges World War II 1940 Germany invades Norway and Denmark 1942 Troops surrender in Bataan, Philippines, in largest-ever U.S. surrender 1945 Anti-Nazi theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer is hanged

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THIS DAY IN HISTORY April 10 1866 ASPCA is founded On April 10, 1866, the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) is founded in New York City by philanthropist and diplomat Henry Bergh, 54. In 1863, Bergh had been appointed by President Abraham Lincoln to a diplomatic post at the Russian court of Czar Alexander II. It was t... read more Art, Literature and Film History 1953 First color 3-D film opens 1970 Paul McCartney announces his break from the Beatles Civil War 1865 After surrendering to Union, General Lee gives final address to troops Cold War 1971 U.S. table tennis team visits communist China Crime 1834 Arson uncovers torture chamber in mansion of New Orleans enslaver INVENTIONS & SCIENCE 1849 Safety pin is patented, rights sold for just $400 Latin American History 1919 Revolutionary leader Emiliano Zapata assassinated in Mexico Natural Disasters & Environment 1963 Atomic submarine USS Thresher sinks in the Atlantic, killing all on board Sports 1961 South African Gary Player becomes first international Masters champion 1975 Lee Elder becomes first Black golfer to play in Masters World War II 1941 Croatia declares independence 1942 Bataan Death March begins

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THIS DAY IN HISTORY April 11 1814 Napoleon abdicates the throne and is exiled to Elba On April 11, 1814, Napoleon Bonaparte, emperor of France and one of the greatest military leaders in history, abdicates the throne, and, in the Treaty of Fontainebleau, is banished to the Mediterranean island of Elba. The future emperor was born in Ajaccio, Corsica, on August 15, 1769. After attendi... read more 19th CENTURY 1803 French Foreign Minister Talleyrand offers to sell Louisiana Territory to U.S. 21st CENTURY 2015 Barack Obama and Raúl Castro meet in Panama African History 1979 Ugandan dictator Idi Amin overthrown Art, Literature and Film History 1931 Dorothy Parker announces she is resigning as drama critic for "The New Yorker" 1961 Bob Dylan plays his first major gig in New York City 1988 Cher wins Best Actress Oscar for “Moonstruck” Crime 1870 Lord Muncaster of Britain is kidnapped in Greece, nearly causing war Inventions & Science 1888 Henry Ford marries Clara Jane Bryant Space Exploration 1970 Apollo 13 launches to the moon Sports 1921 First live sporting event broadcast on radio 2004 Phil Mickelson wins first major at Masters U.S. Presidents 1951 President Truman relieves General MacArthur of duties in Korea 1977 President Carter hosts White House Easter egg roll World War II 1945 The U.S. army liberates Buchenwald concentration camp Yugoslavian partisan leader Tito signs “friendship treaty” with Soviet Union

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THIS DAY IN HISTORY April 12 1861 Civil War begins as Confederate forces fire on Fort Sumter Four of the bloodiest years in American history begin when Confederate shore batteries under General P.G.T. Beauregard open fire on Union-held Fort Sumter in South Carolina’s Charleston Harbor on April 12, 1861. During the next 34 hours, 50 Confederate guns and mortars launched more than 4,000 round... read more American Revolution 1770 British king approves repeal of hated Townshend Acts Art, Literature and Film History 1954 Bill Haley and His Comets record “Rock Around The Clock” Black History 1963 Martin Luther King is jailed Civil War 1864 Hundreds of Union soldiers killed in Fort Pillow Massacre Crime 1633 Galileo goes on trial for heresy Space Exploration 1961 Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first man in space 1981 The space shuttle Columbia is launched for the first time U.S. Presidents 1945 FDR dies Vietnam War 1975 U.S. Embassy in Cambodia evacuated World War I 1917 Canadians capture Vimy Ridge in northern France World War II 1990 Soviets admit to Katyn Massacre of World War II

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THIS DAY IN HISTORY April 13 1873 The Colfax Massacre An armed group of white supremacists attacks a courthouse guarded by a mostly-Black militia in the town of Colfax, Louisiana on April 13, 1873. A bloodbath ensues, as the militia surrenders and the white supremacists carry out a day-long campaign of terr... read more 21st CENTURY 2017 U.S. military drops "Mother of All Bombs" on ISIS tunnel complex Art, Literature and Film History 1742 Handel’s “Messiah" premieres in Dublin 1870 Metropolitan Museum of Art opens in New York City 1964 Sidney Poitier becomes first African American to win Best Actor Oscar Asian History 1919 British and Gurkha troops massacre hundreds of unarmed demonstrators in Amritsar Massacre Civil War 1861 Union forces surrender at Fort Sumter Crime 1984 Serial killer Christopher Wilder dies by suicide Inventions & Science 1928 First nonstop flight from Europe to North America 2009 Former MLB All-star Mark “The Bird” Fidrych dies in truck accident Natural Disasters & Environment 1360 Hail storm kills 1,000 English troops in France Space Exploration 1970 Apollo 13 oxygen tank explodes Sports 1978 Fans toss candy bars onto field, disrupting MLB game 1997 Tiger Woods wins the Masters Tournament for the first time U.S. Presidents 1743 Thomas Jefferson is born World War II 1941 Japan and USSR sign nonaggression pact 1945 Nazis trap more than 1,000 Jews in a burning barn in Gardelegen massacre

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THIS DAY IN HISTORY April 14 1865 John Wilkes Booth shoots Abraham Lincoln President Abraham Lincoln is shot in the head at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C. on April 14, 1865. The assassin, actor John Wilkes Booth, shouted, “Sic semper tyran... read more 1980s 1988 Soviets agree to withdraw from Afghanistan African History 1986 U.S. bombs terrorist and military targets in Libya American Revolution 1775 First American abolition society founded in Philadelphia Art, Literature and Film History 1828 "Webster's American Dictionary of the English Language" is printed 1932 Loretta Lynn is born 1969 Katharine Hepburn and Barbra Streisand tie for Best Actress Oscar Great Depression 1935 “Black Sunday" Dust Bowl storm strikes Natural Disasters & Environment 1944 Explosion on cargo ship rocks Bombay, India Sports 1910 Taft becomes first U.S. president to throw out first pitch at MLB game 1960 Montreal Canadiens win fifth consecutive Stanley Cup 1996 Greg Norman blows six-shot Masters lead in epic collapse World War I 1918 American pilots engage in first dogfight over the western front

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THIS DAY IN HISTORY April 15 2013 Three people killed, hundreds injured in Boston Marathon bombing On April 15, 2013, two bombs go off near the finish line of the Boston Marathon, killing three spectators and wounding more than 260 other people in attendance. Four days later, after an intense manhunt that shut down the Boston area, police captured... read more 1990s 1998 Pol Pot, leader of Cambodia’s genocidal government, dies in his sleep Art, Literature and Film History 1894 Bessie Smith is born in Chattanooga, Tennessee Cold War 1959 Castro visits the United States Natural Disasters & Environment 1912 Titanic sinks Sports 1947 Jackie Robinson becomes first African American player in Major League Baseball 1997 MLB retires Jackie Robinson's number U.S. Presidents 1865 President Lincoln dies

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THIS DAY IN HISTORY April 16 2007 Virginia Tech shooting leaves 32 dead On April 16, 2007, 32 people died after being gunned down on the campus of Virginia Tech by Seung-Hui Cho, a student at the college who later died by suicide. The Virginia Tech shooting began around 7:15 a.m., when Cho, a 23-year-old senior and English major at Blacksburg-based Virginia Polytechnic ... read more Art, Literature and Film History 1889 Hollywood legend Charlie Chaplin born 2018 Kendrick Lamar becomes the first rapper to win the Pulitzer Prize BLACK HISTORY 1963 Martin Luther King Jr. writes “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” Cold War 1947 Bernard Baruch popularizes the term “Cold War” Crime 1881 Western gunslinger, Bat Masterson, fights in last shootout Inventions & Science 1943 Hallucinogenic effects of LSD discovered 1946 Arthur Chevrolet dies by suicide Natural Disasters & Environment 1947 Fertilizer explosion kills more than 500 in Texas Space Exploration 1972 Apollo 16 departs for moon Sports 1929 Cleveland becomes first MLB team to play with numbers on back of jerseys World War I 1917 Lenin returns to Russia from exile World War II 1945 Hitler calls for last stand on the Eastern front

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THIS DAY IN HISTORY April 17 1970 Apollo 13 returns to Earth With the world anxiously watching, Apollo 13, a U.S. lunar spacecraft that suffered a severe malfunction on its journey to the moon, safely returns to Earth on April 17, 1970. On April 11, the third manned lunar landing mission was launched from Florida, carrying astronauts James A. Lovell, John L. ... read more Art, Literature and Film History 1960 Eddie Cochran dies, and Gene Vincent is injured, in a UK car accident 2002 "General Hospital" airs 10,000th episode Cold War 1945 Americans seize 1,100 pounds of uranium in effort to prevent Soviets from developing A-bomb 1961 The Bay of Pigs invasion begins 1969 Architect of Czechoslovakia's Prague Spring forcibly resigns Early U.S. 1790 Benjamin Franklin dies Inventions & Science 1964 Ford Mustang debuts at World’s Fair Vietnam War 1975 Cambodia falls to the Khmer Rouge World War I 1917 Second Battle of Gaza begins World War II 1941 Yugoslavia surrenders to the Nazis 1942 General Henri Giraud makes his great escape

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THIS DAY IN HISTORY April 18 1906 The Great San Francisco Earthquake topples buildings, killing thousands On April 18, 1906, at 5:13 a.m., an earthquake estimated at close to 8.0 on the Richter scale strikes San Francisco, California, killing an estimated 3,000 people as it topples numerous buildings. The quake was caused by a slip of the San Andreas Fault over a segment about 275 miles long, and shock ... read more American Revolution 1775 Revere and Dawes warn of British attack Art, Literature and Film History 1958 Federal court decides to release poet Ezra Pound from hospital for criminally insane 2012 Dick Clark, host of “American Bandstand” and “New Year’s Rockin’ Eve,” dies Exploration 2014 Mt. Everest sees its single deadliest day Middle Eastern History 1983 Suicide bomber destroys U.S. embassy in Beirut Religion 1521 Martin Luther defiant at Diet of Worms Sports 1983 Joan Benoit wins Boston Marathon World War II 1942 Doolittle leads air raid on Tokyo 1945 War correspondent Ernie Pyle killed

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THIS DAY IN HISTORY April 19 1775 American Revolution begins at Battle of Lexington April 19, 1775: At about 5 a.m., 700 British troops, on a mission to capture Patriot leaders and seize a Patriot arsenal, march into Lexington to find 77 armed minutemen under Captain John Parker waiting for them on the town’s common green. British Major John Pitcairn ordered the outnumbered Patriot... read more 1990s 1993 Waco Siege ends; Branch Davidian compound burns Art, Literature and Film History 1824 Lord Byron dies in Greece 1956 Grace Kelly and Prince Rainier of Monaco marry in “wedding of the century” Civil War 1861 First blood in the Civil War Crime 1989 Central Park jogger attack shocks New York City 1995 Oklahoma City bombing Sports 1897 First Boston Marathon held U.S. Presidents 1809 Thomas Jefferson sells indentured servant to newly elected President James Madison Vietnam War 1971 Vietnam Veterans Against the War demonstrate World War I 1919 Discussion of Italian claims begins at Paris peace conference World War II 1943 Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begins

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THIS DAY IN HISTORY April 20 1999 Teen gunmen kill 13 at Columbine High School On April 20, 1999, two teenage gunmen kill 13 people in a shooting spree at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, south of Denver. At approximately 11:19 a.m., Dylan Klebold, 17, and Eric Harris, 18, dressed in trench coats, began shooting students outside the school before moving inside to ... read more 1970s 1978 Korean Air Lines jet forced down over Soviet Union American Revolution 1777 New York adopts state constitution Black History 1971 Supreme Court declares desegregation busing constitutional Civil War 1861 Robert E. Lee resigns from U.S. Army after Virginia secedes from Union Early U.S. 1914 Militia slaughters strikers at Ludlow, Colorado Inventions & Science 2008 Danica Patrick becomes first woman to win Indy race Latin American History 1980 Fidel Castro announces Mariel Boatlift, allowing Cubans to emigrate to U.S. Natural Disasters & Environment 2010 Massive oil spill begins in Gulf of Mexico Sports 1986 Michael Jordan scores 63 points in playoff game U.S. Government and Politics 1871 Ku Klux Klan Act passed by Congress Vietnam War 1971 Pentagon announces rise in "fragging" among U.S. military units

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THIS DAY IN HISTORY April 21 2016 Legendary musician and megawatt star Prince dies at 57 On the morning of April 21, 2016, Prince, the virtuoso musician who created more than 30 albums and won seven Grammy Awards over a 40-year career, is found dead in Paisley Park, his Minnesota home and recording studio. The cause of death was an accidental overdose of the opioid fentanyl. He was 57... read more 19th CENTURY 1836 Texas militia routs Mexicans in the Battle of San Jacinto Ancient Rome 753 B.C. Rome founded Art, Literature and Film History 1816 Charlotte Brontë born 1895 First movie projector demonstrated in United States 1973 “Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree” tops the U.S. pop charts and creates a cultural phenomenon Gay Rights 1966 “Sip-In” takes place at Julius' Bar in New York City Inventions & Science 1967 GM celebrates 100 millionth U.S.-made car Natural Disasters & Environment 1930 Prisoners left to burn in Ohio fire Sports 1980 Rosie Ruiz fakes Boston Marathon win U.S. Presidents 1865 Abraham Lincoln's funeral train leaves D.C. World War I 1918 German flying ace, “Red Baron,” killed in action

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THIS DAY IN HISTORY April 22 1970 The first Earth Day Earth Day, an event to increase public awareness of the world’s environmental problems, is celebrated in the United States for the first time on April 22, 1970. Millions of Americans, including students from thousands of colleges and universities, participated in rallies, marches and educational pro... read more 19th CENTURY 1889 The Oklahoma land rush begins 1970s 1978 Bob Marley headlines One Love Peace Concert 21st CENTURY 2004 Pat Tillman killed by friendly fire in Afghanistan Art, Literature and Film History 1978 The Blues Brothers make their world premiere on "Saturday Night Live" Cold War 1954 Army-McCarthy hearings begin Crime 1886 Ohio criminalizes seduction by male teachers Natural Disasters & Environment 1992 Sewers explode in Guadalajara, Mexico, killing hundreds South American History 1997 Peruvian President Fujimori orders assault on Japanese ambassador’s home Sports 1876 First National League baseball game played 1957 John Irvin Kennedy plays for Phillies, fully integrating National League U.S. Presidents 1994 Former President Richard Nixon dies World War I 1915 Germans introduce poison gas 1915 Second Battle of Ypres begins World War II 1945 Hitler admits defeat

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THIS DAY IN HISTORY April 23 1564 William Shakespeare born The great English dramatist and poet William Shakespeare is born in Stratford-upon-Avon on April 23, 1564—at least, by historians' best reckoning... read more American Revolution 1778 John Paul Jones leads American raid on Whitehaven, England Art, Literature and Film History 1961 Judy Garland plays Carnegie Hall Civil War 1865 “Panic has seized the country,” writes Confederate President Jefferson Davis Cold War 1945 President Truman confronts Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov Crime 1969 Sirhan Sirhan receives death penalty for assassination of Robert F. Kennedy European History 1014 Brian, High King of Ireland, killed in victory over Vikings INVENTIONS & SCIENCE 1985 New Coke debuts, one of the biggest product flops in history Sports 1954 Hank Aaron hits first home run of his MLB career U.S. Presidents 1791 James Buchanan is born Vietnam War 1975 President Ford says that war is finished for America World War I 1915 Poet-soldier Rupert Brooke dies in Greece

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THIS DAY IN HISTORY April 25 1945 President Truman is briefed on Manhattan Project On April 25, 1945, President Harry S. Truman learns the full details of the Manhattan Project, in which scientists are attempting to create the first atomic bomb. The information thrust upon Truman a momentous decision: whether or not to use the world’s first weapon of mass... read more 21st CENTURY 2014 The Flint water crisis begins African History 1859 Ground broken for Suez Canal Art, Literature and Film History 1719 "Robinson Crusoe" is published 1917 Jazz legend Ella Fitzgerald is born Crime 1989 A father is exonerated after 21 years Natural Disasters & Environment 1980 Plane crashes on Canary Islands, killing 146 2015 Magnitude 7.8 earthquake kills thousands in Nepal Space Exploration 1990 Hubble Space Telescope placed in orbit Sports 1950 Chuck Cooper becomes first African American selected in NBA draft 1974 NFL adopts overtime for regular-season games World War I 1915 Allies begin invasion of Gallipoli World War II 1945 U.S. and Russian armies meet at Torgau, signaling imminent German defeat

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THIS DAY IN HISTORY April 26 1986 Test triggers nuclear disaster at Chernobyl On April 26, 1986, the world’s worst nuclear power plant accident occurs at the Chernobyl nuclear power station in the Soviet Union. Thirty-two people died and dozens more suffered radiation burns in the opening days of the crisis, but only after Swedish authorities reported the fallout... read more 1950s 1954 Geneva Conference to resolve problems in Asia begins AMERICAN REVOLUTION 1777 British rampage Danbury, Connecticut Art, Literature and Film History 1977 Studio 54 opens in New York City 1986 Maria Shriver marries Arnold Schwarzenegger Civil War 1865 Lincoln assassin John Wilkes Booth dies COLD WAR 1983 Soviet leader Yuri Andropov writes letter to U.S. fifth-grader Samantha Smith Crime 1913 Murder in Atlanta pencil factory leads to lynching of Leo Frank 2012 Former Liberian president Charles Taylor found guilty of war crimes EARLY U.S. 1798 Mountain man James Beckwourth is born INVENTIONS & SCIENCE 1954 Polio vaccine trials begin U.S. Presidents 1984 President Reagan visits China World War I 1915 Allies sign Treaty of London World War II 1937 Nazis test new air force, Luftwaffe, on Basque town of Guernica

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THIS DAY IN HISTORY April 27 4977 B.C. Universe is created, according to Kepler On April 27, 4977 B.C., the universe is created, according to German mathematician and astronomer Johannes Kepler, considered a founder of modern science. Kepler is best known for his theories explaining the motion of planets. Kepler was born on December 27, 1571, in Weil der Stadt, Germany. As a un... read more 19th CENTURY 1805 U.S. agent William Eaton leads first U.S. Marines battle, on “the shores of Tripoli” 1813 Explorer Zebulon Pike killed in battle 1970s 1978 Afghan president is overthrown and murdered Africa 1994 South Africa holds first multiracial elections Art, Literature and Film History 1993 D.A. announces negligence caused death of "The Crow" actor Brandon Lee Civil War 1865 Union soldiers die in steamship explosion Crime 1997 Andrew Cunanan begins his killing spree Exploration 1521 Navigator Ferdinand Magellan killed in the Philippines Inventions & Science 2009 GM announces plans to phase out Pontiac Sports 1956 Rocky Marciano retires as world heavyweight champion U.S. Presidents 1822 President Ulysses S. Grant is born

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THIS DAY IN HISTORY April 28 1789 Mutiny on the HMS Bounty Three weeks into a journey from Tahiti to the West Indies, the HMS Bounty is seized in a mutiny led by Fletcher Christian, the master’s mate. Captain William Bligh and 18 of his loyal supporters were set adrift in a small, open boat, and the Bounty set course for Tubuai so... read more 21st CENTURY 2004 U.S. media release graphic photos of American soldiers abusing Iraqi prisoners at Abu Ghraib CIVIL WAR 1862 Union captures New Orleans Cold War 1965 U.S. troops land in the Dominican Republic in attempt to forestall a "communist dictatorship" Crime 1996 35 killed in Australia's Port Arthur Massacre DISASTERS 1988 Aloha Airlines Flight 243 miraculously lands after losing roof EUROPEAN HISTORY 1945 Benito Mussolini executed 1969 Charles de Gaulle resigns as leader of France Inventions & Science 1916 Luxury car magnate Ferruccio Lamborghini is born Sports 1967 Muhammad Ali refuses Army induction Vietnam War 1970 President Nixon approves Cambodian incursion

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THIS DAY IN HISTORY April 29 2004 World War II monument opens in Washington, D.C. On April 29, 2004, the World War II Memorial opens in Washington, D.C. to thousands of visitors, providing overdue recognition for the 16 million U.S. men and women who served in the war. The memorial is located on 7.4 acres on the former site of the Rainbow Pool at the National Ma... read more 19th CENTURY 1863 Newspaper tycoon William Randolph Hearst is born Art, Literature and Film History 1968 "Hair" premieres on Broadway Black History 1854 First HBCU, Lincoln University, chartered 1992 Riots erupt in Los Angeles after police officers are acquitted in Rodney King trial EUROPEAN HISTORY 1429 Joan of Arc relieves Orleans 2011 Britain's Prince William weds Kate Middleton Holocaust 1945 U.S. Army liberates Dachau concentration camp Inventions & Science 2004 The end of the road for Oldsmobile U.S. Presidents 1974 President Nixon announces release of Watergate tapes World War II 1945 Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun marry