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Samie is not GOD. Therefore no command to love him, or worship him - sitting on a throne.

Yes, it does. I haven't brought any of that stuff here for a long, long time. Can't speak for others, but I hope they won't either. Some original thoughts... now there's a novel concept.

1. It's documented in the NT. Is Jude lying (or mistaken)? ​2. I believe that Moses' appearance at the transfiguration was the real deal; not a "vision". Peter says that they were eyewitnesses; and never implies that it was a "vision". That's enough evidence for me. Not saying you're wrong; just saying our opinions differ.

We are not called to love the Spirit either nor does the Spirit have a throne.

1. I have found no command in Scripture that we are to exalt, glorify, give thanks to, pray to, or in any other way “worship” the Holy Spirit. There is no account of any created being offering worship to the Holy Spirit by name. Revelation 5:13 “And every creature which is in heaven and on the earth . . . I heard saying, ‘Blessing and honor and glory and power be to Him who sits on the throne, and to the Lamb, forever and ever!’” In the New Testament Scriptures, two divine beings are worshiped - the Father and the Son. 2. Christ prayed only to His Father, and never spoke to another divine being by name. He instructed His disciples to pray to the Father, in the name of the Son (Matthew 6:10, John 15:16, John 16:23). 3. We are to pray for the spirit, never to the spirit. The Holy Spirit is the gift. 4. Jesus called His Father “the only true God” (John 17:3). 5. Paul said, “There is One God, the Father, of Whom are all things, AND One Lord Jesus Christ, through Whom are all things” (1Corinthians 8:6). He also wrote, “one God and Father of all, Who is above all, and through all, and in you all” (Ephesians 4:6). 6. We were created by the Father, through the Son (1Cor.8:6, Eph.3:9, Col.1:12-16, Heb.1:1-3) 7. The family is named after the Father. Ephesians 3:14,15 [Paul writing] “For this cause I bow my knees unto the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ’ of Whom the whole family in heaven and earth is named.” 8. Those who enter the heavenly mansions will have the name of the Father AND of the Son written in their foreheads (Rev. 14:1, Rev.3:12). 9. The Father is the God of Christ (Jn. 20:17, Rom. 15:6, 1Cor. 11:3, 2Cor. 1:3, 2Cor. 11:31, Eph. 1:3, Eph. 1:17, Col. 1:3, Heb. 1:9, 1Pet 1:3, Rev. 1:6). Revelation 3:12 “He who overcomes, I will make him a pillar in the temple of My God, and he shall go out no more. And I will write on him the name of My God and the name of the city of My God, the New Jerusalem, which comes down out of heaven from My God. And I will write on him My new name.” This statement to John, was made many years AFTER Jesus ascended to Heaven. 10. “The head of Christ is God” (1 Cor. 11:3). Christ will be subordinate to the Father for all eternity (1 Corinthians 15:24-28). The kingdom of heaven, was called by Christ, “My Father’s kingdom” (Matthew 26:29). There is no mention of “the Spirit’s kingdom.” “Our Father ... Thine is the kingdom” (Matthew 6:13). The last like the first sentence of the Lord’s prayer, points to our Father as above all power and authority and every name that is named. 11. We are reconciled to the Father through the Son (Col 1:19-20). There is no mention of being reconciled to the Spirit. 12. Christ was “sent by the Father” (John 5:23, 5:30, 5:36, 5:37, 6:39, 6:44, 6:57, 8:16, 8:29, 8:42, 10:36, 12:49, 17:21, 20:21, 1John 4:14). Never did Christ say that He was sent by the Spirit. 13. "Salvation belongs to our God who sits on the throne, and to the Lamb!’” (Rev. 7:10). 14. We “abide in the Son and in the Father” (1John 2:24). 15. “Our fellowship is with the Father and with His Son” (1John 1:3). 16. All of the treasures of wisdom and knowledge are found in the Father and the Son (Col. 2:2-3). 17. The Father forgives (Matt 6:12,14,15). Christ also forgives sin, because He received all authority from His Father, (John 5:22, 27; Matt 28:18) but nowhere in Scripture do we read that we are forgiven by the Spirit. “God so loved the world that He [singular] gave His [singular] only begotten Son” (John 3:16). If “God” is one divine being who manifests in three ways, then HE could not have given HIS “begotten” Son. He could manifest as a begotten Son. He could give part of Himself (or a manifestation of Himself). If “God” is three co-equal divine beings, then one of that Trinity could assume the role of a Son, but you could not say that a Father “gave His Son.” Did the Apostolic writers intend to mislead? I think not! I understand the Bible as it reads. Jesus Christ was and is the begotten Son of God our Father. That is who He is. That understanding is the foundation of our faith. Respectfully, Rachel Cory Prophecy Viewpoint

What exactly would be the worst that would happen if women were ordained? That they would preach? That they would run the church business and head up board meetings? That they would have a salary comparable to a man's? Self? Is that to say that there are no men that consider a pastoral vocation that have self motivating their decision, that are ambitious?

Wheelcat; there is evidence in the Bible of women's ordination. There have been many posts about it in several threads here and also books recommended where you can study for your own.

Has anyone noticed how it's pretty much impossible to discuss Fox News without it turning into a vitriolic political fight? This is slipping into the abyss...

Unless blotted out from the book of life at death for not overcoming evil while alive, we were already counted among the saved. We don't obey the law to be written because before any of us was born, our names were already written there. The name of the game is OVERCOMING evil with good. And attached to Him Who is our strength, we can overcome the evil of sinning. If in the final analysis one is found to have not overcome the evil of sinning, he has no one else to blame for it is not a question of INABILITY, but one of REFUSAL to overcome evil with good.

As to what their names are, there's nothing in Scriptures. But as regards their descriptions and the timing of their appearance in the world arena, Scriptures clearly tell us. One thing is biblically sure, though. The beast and the false prophet are both human beings. Persons. NOT kingdoms.

Maybe we can blame our personal choices to this. God is Love! Jesus saves!

Scuba, Here in the book of Hebrews we have a whole list of faithful people. At the end of this list it says they all died without receiving the promise, including Enoch. We know that the promise was something in the future because they all looked forward to it, in the same way we look forward to it. The promise was the coming kingdom of God in the new earth. Enoch is specifically EXCLUDED from those who DIED, because the passage says "translated so that he did not see death." He is NOT EXCLUDED from those who have not yet "received the promise". The "promise" was "the land", and peace. NO ONE has received THAT PROMISE - not yet. Going to heaven - was NOT THE PROMISE. Living peacefully, and healthfully in "the land" - THAT was the promise.

you can't bring people into a church, unless you're willing to step out of a church...

1798 A Historical Context. 1788-1789 THE FRENCH REVOLUTION BEGINS. (1) France, for many years has been the main secular support of the Papacy. (2) 1790 The French nation faces imminent bankruptcy. “The wealth of the [French] church was considerable, and for more than a century needy statesmen had looked on it with longing eyes.” “On April 16 the Assembly voted the nationalization of all Church property”, and so it was that all church property in France became “the property of the nation”. (3) The Clergy, which had “supported the Revolution during the closing months of 1789, was suddenly attacked and driven into opposition by the... sale of all church property.” (4) November 27 France enacts the “Civil Constitution of the Clergy”, effectively making the Clergy (in France) employees of the State. Pope Pius VI condemns the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. (5) The struggle between the Revolutionaries and the Church intensifies. 1793 THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT BECOMES INCREASINGLY ANTI-CHURCH and ANTI-GOD. France decrees “the abolition of all religion”. (6) November 10 A “NEW RELIGION” EMERGES. The “first of the Feasts of Reason” is celebrated in “the Temple of Reason” (Notre Dame Cathedral). The “Goddess of Reason” is conducted, in procession, into the Temple. (7) “Our new Religion..! Look at it one moment, O Reader, not two. The shabbiest page of human Annals... [The] Mumbo-Jumbo of the African woods to me seems venerable beside this new Deity”. (History of the French Revolution [Carlyle] p.356.) July 1794 The Reign of Terror ends. NAPOLEON RISING INTO PROMINENCE – BUT HE IS STILL A SERVANT OF THE STATE. Napoleon Bonaparte becomes Commander in Chief of the French army in Italy. (8) September 20 1797 Napoleon instructs his brother, Joseph (then French ambassador at Rome): “Should the Pope die, you must do your utmost to prevent the nomination of a successor, and bring about a revolution.” (9) October 10 1797 The French foreign minister, Talleyrand, also writes to Joseph Bonaparte at Rome : — "You have two things, citizen-general, to do : 1. To prevent, by all possible means, the King of Naples [i.e. his armed forces] from entering the Papal territory. 2. To increase, rather than restrain, the good dispositions of those who think that it is high time the reign of the Popes should finish ; in a word, to encourage the aspirations of the Roman people towards liberty." (10) Eleven days afterwards, the President of the French Directory wrote to Napoleon: — “In regard to Rome, the Directory cordially approve of the instructions you have given to your brother, to prevent a successor being appointed to Pius VI. We must lay hold of the present favorable circumstances to deliver Europe from the pretended Papal supremacy”. — Letter of the Directory to Napoleon, 21st October 1797. (10) December 1797 The French general, Duphot, is killed in Rome by Papal troops. A senior French government official exclaims, "It is his own fault that General Duphot has been killed. [but] ...we wanted a pretext against Rome, and now we have one." (11) THE DEADLY WOUND IS INFLICTED ON THE PAPACY. Note that the Papacy has suffered many “wounds” during its long history, but the wound of 1798 has been the most significant of them all. February 10, 1798 A French army under General Berthier enters Rome. February 15, 1798 The sovereignty of the people is proclaimed, and the Roman Republic established. FORMAL NOTIFICATION. General Berthier posts the following notice in all the districts of Rome: “...The commanding General of the French army in Italy declares in the name of his Government that he recognizes the independence of the [new] Roman Republic and that this Government stands under the special protection of the [French] army. The same General also declares in the name of the French Republic that he recognizes the [new] provisional Government [of Rome] as established by the sovereign people. All authority of the Papal Government is and remains abolished.” (12) Thus “the Papal government was declared at an end, and the Cardinals were forbidden to elect a successor.” (13) “On the night of February 20, the Pope [Pius VI] was removed from the Vatican and conducted to Sienna.” (Guizot vol.6 p.376) He remained an exile from Rome for the remainder of his life. General Berthier writes to Napoleon, "The deputies presented me with a crown in the name of the Roman people. I told them, in receiving it, that it belonged to General Bonaparte, whose exploits had paved the way for liberty, and I received it for him." (14) All “territorial possessions of the Church and the monasteries were confiscated and declared national property”. (Alison chp.25 p.544) THE NEW ROMAN REPUBLIC SUBJECTED TO FRANCE. It was determined “that no laws made by the Roman legislative bodies should either be promulgated or have force, without the approval of the French General stationed at Rome, and that he might, of his own authority, enact such laws as might appear necessary, or were ordered by the French Directory.” (Alison chp.25 p.548) THE KING OF NAPLES ARRIVES “TO DEFEND THE CATHOLIC RELIGION”. THE FRENCH BRIEFLY RELINQUISH CONTROL OF ROME, BUT THE POPE REMAINS IN FRENCH CUSTODY. November 1798 “The Neapolitan vanguard [i.e. their forward units] arrived on 27 November 1798 in Rome, and on the same day a proclamation appeared... in which Ferdinand IV [King of Naples] declared that his army did not come to the Papal States in order to make war against a particular monarch, but only to defend the Catholic religion, the rights of its illustrious leader, and the peace and order of its kingdom. The French who occupied Rome had offered no resistance, but rather had retreated toward Civita-Castellana upon the approach of the enemy... On 29 November King Ferdinand himself arrived in Rome...” “[but] the numerous Neapolitan troops melted like wax in fire as soon as they entered the melee; Ferdinand IV did not linger two weeks in Rome; the French went from being attacked to being attackers”. The French army easily defeated the King of Naples, re-took Rome, and went on to capture “the city of Naples on 23 January of the following year, 1799.” (15) International Coalition forms against France. “Fearful that... [the Pope] might have too much influence on the continent of Italy”. And then “apprehensive of losing their prisoner” to an English intervention, Pope Pius VI is moved from prison to prison. He finally dies in Valence, France, August 29, 1799. (16) Allied forces at war with France. September 1799 The English fleet liberated Naples, and commodore Troubridge, anchoring at the mouth of the Tiber, received the [French] surrender of Rome on the 29th Sep 1799. (17) 9 – 10 November 1799 Napoleon and Sieyes overthrow the French Directory. Napoleon, together with two other men (Sieyes and Ducos), form a new Government in France – a Consulate. 12 December. NAPOLEON BECOMES FREE TO PURSUE HIS OWN AGENDA WITH REGARDS TO THE PAPACY. (18) Napoleon Bonaparte becomes First [i.e. senior] Consul. Five years later (in 1804) he becomes Emperor. THE HEALING OF THE WOUND BEGINS. 1800 A NEW POPE. “The Cardinals took advantage of the momentary abasement of the French to proceed to the election of a successor; but not at Rome, nor with wonted pontifical pomp, was the new Pope enthroned.” (19) 13-14th March 1800 A new Pope (Pius VII,) is elected at a meeting in Venice. (See Mosheim p.403; Sloane vol.2 p.206-207.) Crowned in Venice with a paper-mache Papal tiara. (All the genuine tiaras having been destroyed or taken by the French. (20)) June 1800 – 1801 “French re-conquest of Italy”. (21) June 1800 "Napoleon deputed the bishop of Vercelli to enter into negotiations with the Pope, in regard to the re-establishment of the Catholic church." (Ranke vol.2 p.460) “Soon afterward, Bonaparte informed the Pontiff that, excepting the legations which Austria still occupied, the TERRITORIES of his predecessors were, under certain conditions, at his disposal.” (Sloane vol.2 p.207) The revived Papacy is placed under strict civil controls. “No council or synod should meet without the consent of the government”. (Mosheim’s Church History p.404) July 1801 Concordat ['treaty'] between Napoleon and Pius VII. Napoleon "conceded that the laws of 1790 [the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, etc.] should be abolished, and that the Pope should be officially recognized by the State as head of the Church." (Sloane, vol.2 p.207) THE CHURCH CAN NO LONGER CONTROL THE DISSEMINATION OF THE BIBLE. The first “Bible Society” (The British Bible Society) is organized. The Papacy “condemned... all societies for circulating the Scriptures” but it had no power to stop the spread of the Bible. Pius IX writes later (in 1864) that “pests of this description are frequently rebuked in the severest terms, in” our previous encyclicals. (See, “Syllabus of Errors”, sec.4, Pius IX, published Dec. 8th 1864) December 2 1804. Pius VII “officiates at the imperial coronation” of Napoleon. Napoleon does not, however, allow the Pope to crown him, but crowns himself Emperor. (Sloane vol 2 p.343-344; Mosheim p.404) 1805 “Napoleon surpassed any pious mediaeval ruler in multiplying the marks of Imperial favor toward the church, [but] after 1805 the relations became strained.” (Gershoy p.466) 1808 “Early in 1808 a French army of occupation [again] took possession of Rome”. (Gershoy p.431; & See Ranke vol.2 p.464) 1809 Napoleon “divested the Pope of his temporal power”, and resorts to “imprisoning the Pontiff”. (22.) Pope Pius VII “submitted to reside in France...” and “submitted to render himself subject to the French Empire.” (Ranke vol.2 p.465) 1812 Napoleon suffers devastating losses in his Russian campaign. “600,000 fighting men had entered Russia; 80,000" came out. And “of these, a large proportion had been late reinforcements.” (The 19th Century, A History p.53) Jan 1813 “The Concordat of Fontainbleau... was arranged on the understanding that he [Pius VII] should no more return to Rome.” (Ranke vol.2 p.465) 1814 Pope Pius VII “returned in triumph to Rome.” (Gershoy p.466) “One of his first acts... was the solemn reinstation of the Jesuits. On Sunday the 7th August, 1814, the Pontiff himself read mass in the church of the Jesuits”. (Ranke vol.2 p.468) 1815 THE FALL OF NAPOLEON. Following his defeat at Waterloo, Napoleon abdicates and is exiled. THE STATES OF THE CHURCH RESTORED. (The Congress of Vienna, 1815.) The “avowed object [of this Congress] was to restore to Europe as nearly as possible the political arrangements which existed before the [Napoleonic] war”. It was through this agency that “the Pope resumed his temporal sovereignty”. (The Nineteenth Century - A History 1801-1900, p.67,68 & see p.487.) “Cardinal Consalvi, on behalf of the Pope, claimed the restoration of all the territories, including Avignon and the Venaissin [originally French territory], which had belonged to the Holy See in 1790.” Avignon and Venaissin were not accorded the Papacy, but “in the end Cardinal Consalvi was well content to obtain the old States of the Church with the three Legations of Ferrara, Bologna and Ravenna.” (The Congress of Vienna, Nicolson, p.194) “The Congress of Vienna restored the States of the Church”. (22) "Secular legitimacy" had been sought for the Papacy "with even more determination from the side of its opponents in faith, than from that of its adherents and the followers of its creed." It was “almost entirely by the intervention of these non-Catholic [Protestant] powers that the Pontiff [regained] possession of his States.” (23) Many powers and privileges were not recoverable however. But Pius VII had “revived, in some degree, the inquisition [primarily in the form of book censorship], and reinstated the obnoxious society of the Jesuits.” (24) 1840 PAPAL ACKNOWLEDGMENTS OF WEAKNESS. Pope Pius IX writes in his Encyclical Letter, dated September 1840, “Are we not compelled to see the most crafty enemies of the truth ranging far and wide with impunity?” [i express my sympathies for you, my priests, that you] “are yet compelled to tolerate in your diocese these afore mentioned propagators of heresy and infidelity.” [Lost are the days when the Papacy did not need to tolerate Protestant teachings.] THE CHURCH BEGINS TO LOSE IT’S STATES AGAIN. 1859 The Papacy loses the Territory of Romagna. 1860 The Papacy loses the Territories of Umbria and Marches. (Oxford Dict. of the Christian Church, [F.L. Cross], art. Pius IX.) May 1871 ANOTHER WOUND INFLICTED ON THE PAPACY. THE “LAW OF GUARANTEES” IS PASSED BY THE ITALIAN GOVERNMENT. Pope Pius IX “was virtually deprived of all temporal sovereignty by the Law of Guarantees of 13 May 1871” (Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church,[F.L.Cross], art. Pius IX). But according to this Law, “the Pope’s person was declared sacred and inviolable... the freedom of Conclaves and of General Councils was guaranteed; the diplomatic immunity of foreign envoys to the Holy See was recognized”. (F.L.Cross p.594, art. Guarantees, The Law of.) The Law of Guarantees also recognized the Pope's right to the title of “Sovereign”. But above and beyond all this, the Papal office remained – it was not abolished as it had been in 1798. The Law of Guarantees kept the Papacy alive. Feb 1929 The Lateran Treaty (signed 11th Feb. 1929) re-established the Vatican City as a sovereign State. (See F.L.Cross, art. Lateran Treaty.) This treaty healed the ‘wound’ of 1871. But the deadly wound of 1798 began to be healed previous to this. __________________________________________ The Papacy has continued, but in a significantly degraded condition. She is no longer the "Corrector of heretics." She is no longer a “Suppressor of heresy”, but she is now compelled to “tolerate” it. _________________________________________ “The power of the Pope, as a systematic persecutor, has thus been annulled by the events growing out of the Republican era of 1793" (26). ___________________________________________ Bibliography (With Additional Notes). All Source Material Is Exclusively Non-SDA. 1. History of the French Revolution, Thomas Carlyle, (Chronological Summary) p.406. The Revolution began after the French King, Louis XVI, decided to call together a General Conference, granting the common people “double the amount of representatives allowed to the two privileged orders” [i.e. the nobility and the clergy]. All were excited that “the country was about to deliberate [on its own affairs] as it had never done before.” “An indescribable emotion shook the whole country... everybody – even the most favored – thought themselves oppressed, everyone [both high-born and low] fancied this was a glimpse of liberty... everyone thought this meant the beginning of reform...” (The French Revolution, Louis Madelin, pp.3-4) It was in fact the beginning of their descent into a great horror. 2. The Papacy, McKnight, p.184-185. France had been the first nation converted to Catholicism and was therefore regarded as her "first-born". The Church bitterly lamented when she was bereaved of her "eldest son". (See Schaff vol.4 p.37) A certain irony might be found in the fact that the Church's "eldest son" was the one to inflict the "deadly wound" on the mother church. But it is interesting to note that Napoleon (after 1801) declared that he, “like his predecessors, ...was the eldest son of the church, who bore the sword for her protection”. (Ranke vol.2 p.463) 3. The French Revolution (Louis Madelin) p.134, 135, 138; Mosheim vol.2 p.378 4. Louis Madelin p.133-134. 5. “By the end of January [1791] it was clear that the Pope’s voice would be raised in condemnation... His briefs of March and April 1791 confirmed the general expectation.” (The French Revolution, Louis Madelin, p.175.) 6. Mosheim vol.2 p.378. 7. History of the French Revolution, (Carlyle) p.322-324. “Out of [the] strange fall of [religious] Formulas, tumbling there in confused welter, betrampled by the Patriotic dance, is it not passing strange to see a new Formula arise?” The procession comes, “and with them the strangest freightage : a New Religion!” 8. The Era of the French Revolution, Gottschalk p.480 9. Letter. Napoleon to Joseph Bonaparte dated 20 Sep. 1797. Quoted in “History of Europe from the Commencement of the French Revolution”, Archibald Alison, vol.3, p.535. Napoleon’s instructions were in accordance with the will of the French government. Napoleon’s personal views, however, even at this point, differed from French national policy with regards to the Papacy. 10. Alison's History of Europe vol. 3 p.536 11. France, Guizot vol.6 p.373-374. The French senior official was a man by the name of Cacault. 12. “History of the Abduction and Imprisonment of Pius VI”, [baldassari] p.172. 13. Life of Napoleon Bonaparte, Sloane, vol.2 p.39; Gottschalk p.481; Mosheim vol.2 p.379. 14. France, Guizot, vol.6 p.375 15. Baldassari p.286-288; See also Alison chp.25 p.562-565. 16. Alison's History of Europe vol.3 p.542. The readiness of the English to intervene becomes apparent when we read that “the English cruisers in the Mediterranean redoubled their vigilance, in the generous hope of rescuing the father of an opposite church from the persecution of his enemies. Apprehensive of losing their prisoner, the French altered his destination”, which had originally been Portugal. (Guizot p.375-376.) Pope Pius VI died and was buried in Valence, France, but Bonaparte later had his remains moved to Rome as a mark of respect. (Sloane vol.2 p.216, 206) 17. Rome From the Fall of the Western Empire p.444 18. Note: France, during the Revolutionary era, was ruled by a succession of ruling bodies, and each ruling body viewed the Papacy differently: 1. The Constituent Assembly, then 2. The Directory, then 3. Consuls, then 4. Emperor. “The [French] Constituent Assembly had endeavored to cast off its connection with the Pope; the Directory had wished to annihilate him; Bonaparte's idea was to preserve him, but at the same time to keep him in a state of subjection, and to make him the mere instrument of his omnipotence.” Ranke p.314. Note Napoleon’s personal profession regarding religion: “Let them call me a Papist”, he said. “I am nothing. I was a Mohammedan in Egypt; I shall be a Catholic here [in France] for the good of the people... It was by becoming a Catholic that I terminated the Vendan war; by becoming a Mussulman [i.e. a Moslem] that I obtained a footing in Egypt, by becoming an Ultramontane that I won the Italian priests, and had I to govern a nation of Jews I would rebuild Solomon’s temple.” (The French Revolution and Napoleon [Gershoy,] p.366) 19. Rome and its Papal Rulers p.44515. 20. “The whole sacerdotal habits [i.e. uniforms] of the Pope and Cardinals were burnt, in order to collect from the flames the gold with which they were adorned.” (Alison’s History of Europe vol.3 p.544.) 21. The French Revolution and Napoleon, [Gershoy,] p.363 While General Brune drove out the Austrians, Murat expelled the English and the Neapolitans. 22. Oxford Dict. Of The Christian Church, art. Pius VII. 23. Ranke's History of the Popes vol.2 p.467 24. Mosheim p.405; Ranke p.468-469 Note that the Papal States were recovered during the pontificate of Pius VII, but those States were lost again during the reign of Pope Pius IX (1846-1878). It was this loss of “temporal dominion that marked his pontificate.” (Oxford Dict. Of The Christian Church (F.L. Cross, editor), art. Pius IX.) The Lateran Treaty (signed 11th Feb. 1929) re-established the Vatican City as a sovereign State. (ibid, art. Lateran Treaty.) However, it should be noted that the Lateran Treaty (1929) was not the healing of the deadly wound inflicted in 1798. The Lateran Treaty healed the lesser wound inflicted in 1871 when Pius IX “was virtually deprived of all temporal sovereignty by the Law of Guarantees of 13 May 1871”. The Papacy received this other “wound” in 1871, but the Papal office was not then abolished, as it had been in February of 1798. 25. Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (1961), F.L. Cross, editor; article, Pius VII. 26. Croly on the Apocalypse, p. 257. version 1.4, Feb 2015.