Original Mark of the Beast

[Hanseng]

This is a seal of imperial Rome. It is known as the χάραγμα (charagma) in Revelation 13. It was affixed to documents regarding buying and selling

You can read about its discovery and significance in a book by Adolf Deissmann called Bible Studies.   It is available online in .pdf format.

 

[Hanseng]

This word in the NT appears only once apart from the Apocalypse.  

Forasmuch then as we are the offspring of God, we ought not to think that the Godhead is like unto gold, or silver, or stone, graven <5480> by art and man’s device.

In extra biblical documents, it is associated with the bite of a serpent, the brand on a camel, and the impression on  coins.