Trivia

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5 Things You Didn't Know About Schindler's List

On this day in 1997, an estimated 65 million people tune in to watch all or part of Steven Spielberg’s Oscar-winning Holocaust drama Schindler’s List on the NBC television network. Here are five things you didn't know about Schindler's List...

Technically, It Wasn't Totally Uncut

Much of the controversy that arose from the broadcast was due to the nudity, profanity, and violence in the movie. In fact, this was the first over-the-air TV broadcast to receive the TV-M (M meaning mature) rating, and it was astounding at the time to think of a regular broadcast channel airing material like this. NBC, however, wanted to show as much of the film as possible, and they made only one cut: One word of profanity was removed.

Some Stations Delayed the Broadcast

NBC wanted the movie to air in a fairly early time slot, such as 7:30 p.m. on the West Coast and 6:30 p.m. in the Central and Mountain time zones. Some stations decided this was too early and that young children might be watching TV then without parental supervision. As a result, they delayed the broadcast; for example, KSL in Salt Lake City started the broadcast at 8 p.m. instead of 6:30 p.m. In the hours before the broadcast, KSL aired additional Holocaust documentaries. NBC took its own precautions, including warnings about the graphic nature of the film and advising parents, children, and teens to watch together.

The Broadcast Was Sponsored by Ford

Yes, that Ford, the Ford Motor Company, created by notorious anti-Semite Henry Ford. Obviously, the company didn't follow or promote Henry Ford's views, but as one blogger for the Times of Israel wrote in 2018, the sponsorship "was perhaps an act of atonement or posthumous justice." The company's stated motivation was to promote their brand, though they kept the commercial aspect low-key with one pre-show commercial and subdued intermission messages (a screen with the film's title and a note stating it was brought to viewers by Ford). The company decided regular commercial breaks would not be appropriate given the subject matter.

Despite the Warnings, the Broadcast Still Received Public Criticism

Most agencies, such as the FCC, supported the broadcast, and even those organizations who weren't thrilled about one aspect or another, such as the early starting time, made compromises that allowed them to show the movie. However, a Republican senator, Tom Coburn, was so unhappy with the level of violence and nudity that he issued a statement castigating NBC for showing the movie. The backlash was swift, and Coburn later issued an apology.

Viewer Numbers for That One TV Broadcast Were Double Those From the Film's Original Run in Theaters

When the final ratings were tallied, over 65 million people had watched the NBC broadcast of Schindler's List. That was nearly twice as many people as those who saw the film when it was originally shown in theaters in 1993. 

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PHKRAUSE

I did not  know  about the  T.V. STATIONS  wanted to  arie the program at earlier  times but then

view them  later  due to  the nudity===profanity==violence

dgrimm60

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5 Things You Didn't Know About Steve Jobs

On February 24, 1955, Steve Jobs was born in the San Francisco Bay Area. He was given up for adoption by his birth parents but quickly taken in by the Jobs family. He went on to make Apple a leading computer company, but that's not the only effect he had on the world of computers. Here are five things you didn't know about Steve Jobs...

Jobs Worked at Atari Before Leaving for Apple

Back in the early 1970s, Jobs got one of his first computer jobs with Atari, the video game company. He was a technician, and a highly valued one at that, although he had a reputation for being obnoxious. Jobs and Steve Wozniak, also later an Apple leader, designed the game Breakout for Atari in 1976. Atari founder Nolan Bushnell noted that Jobs took a lot of Atari's work culture and brought it over to Apple.

Jobs Initially Worked on a Computer That Was a Competitor of the Apple Macintosh

After Jobs moved to Apple, he was initially put on a project known as Lisa. The Apple Lisa was to be a commercial/business computer that was far more advanced graphically than anything available at the time, including the prototype Macintosh. Lisa stood for Local Integrated Software Architecture, but it was also the name of Jobs' new daughter, as well as the daughter of another person on the team. Jobs was eventually removed from the project (varying sources say he left or was forced out) but then headed over to the Macintosh team, where he improved the circuitry and made the Mac into a less expensive, better running computer.

He Really Did Have Unusual Eating Habits

Jobs was known for having an affinity for eating a single type of food for days at a time, but it turns out he had an affinity for eating a couple of foods for weeks. Not type of food, like fruit, but foods, as in nothing but carrots and apples. He was known for trying fruitarianism, a severe form of veganism, and it turns out he'd fast often to bring about euphoric feelings. Oddly, he thought his strict diet and restricted foods improved his hygiene, and that made him shower less, even though the diets might have had the opposite effect.

An Essay Attributed to Jobs Posthumously Likely Wasn't His

Jobs died in 2011, and in 2015, an essay started circulating on the internet that was attributed to Jobs. The long essay was supposed to be some of his final work (it was titled to the effect that they were his last words) and described the need to find joy outside of success. No one has been able to trace this essay back to Jobs, and in fact, no one has been able to find mention of it before 2015. Jobs' documented last words, per his sister, were "Oh wow. Oh wow. Oh wow."

Jobs Was a Major Force Behind Pixar and the Web

Pixar now does not seem like it is linked to a home computer company, but Jobs was one of its principal leaders. The company already existed in a smaller form through LucasFilm (as in, George Lucas' company) as a home computer company, but Jobs sold those divisions and concentrated on making animated commercials. Pixar eventually became an animation leader and was bought by Disney in 2006. Jobs retained shareholder status in Disney. But even more interesting is Jobs' creation of the NeXT computer, which he worked on after he was forced out of Apple in 1985. These computers were commonly used in research offices, and one of the NeXT computers, a NeXTcube, was used by Tim Berners-Lee as the first web server.

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PHKRAUSE

I did not  know that  he  worked   for  ATARI=== I did  not know that he would  eat  carrots or  apples 

for  weeks  at a  time===I did not  know  that he  worked  for  PIXAR which  was  sold  to  DISNEY

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5 Things You Didn't Know About George Harrison_2

On February 25, 1943, George Harrison, who would grow up to achieve fame as a member of the Beatles and later as a solo musician, was born. To celebrate the anniversary of Harrison's birthday, here are 5 surprising facts about the “Quiet Beatle” that you probably didn’t already know…

John Lennon Had Reservations About Harrison Joining the Group

Luckily, they weren't based on anything like rivalry or skill. Lennon reportedly thought Harrison looked too young and was too much of a kid. Lennon already thought McCartney looked too young and said that Harrison looked even younger. However, Harrison's musical skills and good reference from McCartney won out, so he was able to stay in the band. In the end, that proved crucial as Harrison's musical skills were well advanced compared to Lennon's and McCartney's skills.

Harrison Produced a Monty Python Movie

Spiritual Harrison as a devotee of dead-parrot sketches isn't an image that crosses many people's minds, but Harrison was a Monty Python fan and even put up a few million dollars to see one of their movies—really. The actors of Monty Python wanted to produce Monty Python's Life of Brian but didn't have the funds. Harrison created a movie production company and supplied the money to make the film, which led to Python calling it the most expensive movie script ever. Harrison's production company, HandMade Films, went on to produce classics such as The Long Good Friday, Time Bandits, and Withnail & I.

Harrison's "Blue Jay Way" Was Based on Something That Was Happening as Harrison Wrote the Song

"Blue Jay Way" was part of the Beatles' Magical Mystery Tour album, and it was based on an incident that was happening as Harrison wrote the song. Harrison had rented a house in a section of the Hollywood Hills known as the Bird Streets. It was a very foggy day, and the people Harrison was waiting for were lost. As he waited, he found a keyboard in the home and decided to write a song that detailed (with artistic license, of course) what was happening that day.

British Comedy Would Be Very Different if It Hadn't Been for Harrison

British comedy is diverse and well-established, but a key part of the genre owed its success to Harrison. He had become friends with Monty Python, and when they wanted to produce a movie and needed backing, Harrison formed a film production company and financed Life of Brian. If you have been influenced in any way by the Monty Python movies then you can thank George Harrison, because they would not have been made—or at least, possibly not made with the same budget and creative control—without his initial support.

It's Not Clear Where Harrison Was When He Died

Harrison died in Los Angeles, for sure, but the exact location isn't known. Some stories report that he died at the home of security consultant and friend Gavin de Becker (of Gift of Fear fame); others say he died at the home of Paul McCartney. The address on his death certificate shortly after he died was apparently false; the post office had no record of it, and the address may have been falsified purposefully as a safety measure. Technically that was illegal, but the reasoning was sound; celebrity death spots often suffer damage from overzealous fans and morbid-curiosity seekers. Attorney Gloria Allred filed a complaint, claiming that it was a matter of keeping public records truthful. One internet radio website says the certificate was corrected to McCartney's address, yet no other news sites have definitive answers about the outcome of the case, and it's still not fully clear whether Harrison really was at McCartney's home.

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PHKRAUSE

I did  not  know that  JOHN LENNON  did not  want  GEORGE HARRISON  in the group because JOHN 

thought GEORGE   looked  to  young=====I also  di not  know that  GEORGE give  money to  help make

a Monty Python movie 

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5 Things You Didn't Know About Kellogg's Corn Flakes

On February 26, 1852, John Harvey Kellogg was born. He would later become a physician and develop the world's first dry cereal. Find out what you didn’t know about the surprising history of corn flakes...

It Was Invented by Accident

As superintendent at the Battle Creek Sanitarium in Michigan in 1894, Kellogg and his brother, who were Seventh Day Adventists, were searching for healthy vegetarian dishes to feed the patients. They put boiled wheat that had been left out and had dried up through rollers, hoping to make dough out of it, but getting flakes instead. After toasting them, they were a hit with patients, so they tried their idea using corn, and corn flakes were born.

Cereal Prizes First Appeared in Corn Flakes

Kellogg’s Corn Flakes manufactured between 1909 and 1931 came with a prize, and Kellogg’s was the first company to do this. The prize inside was a Funny Jungleland Moving Pictures Booklet, which featured well-dressed jungle animals. It was a clever way to entertain children and advertise their product at the same time.

The Cereal Mascot Isn’t a Rooster for the Reason You Think

Most people would naturally think that Kellogg’s Corn Flakes has a rooster mascot because it represents getting up in the morning and eating breakfast. It turns out the rooster is more of an ego thing. A Welsh harpist and friend of Kellogg named Nansi Richards pointed out the name Kellogg sounds similar to the Welsh word for rooster.

Kellogg and His Brother Had a Falling Out Over Sugar

Dr. Kellogg was fanatical about keeping food simple and supporting healthy living that included diet, more frequent bathing and exercise. His brother, along with a former patient named C.W. Post, both formed cereal companies that were made popular by the addition of sugar to their products. Coating cereal products with sugar was standard by the 1940s.

Apollo II Astronauts Ate Corn Flakes

As one of the foods taken along for the first moon landing, Kellogg’s Corn Flakes was compressed so it would fit into an airtight pouch and milk powder made from freeze-dried milk was added. That was so the astronauts could add water to rehydrate it and enjoy their morning corn flakes. The breakfast cereal was encased in a laminated coating to prevent spoilage.

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PHKRAUSE

I did not  know that the corn flakes cereal was  1st  to  have a  prize  in  side  of  box===

I  did  not  know  about how the  rooster  got  on the  box===

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5 Things You Didn't Know About The Leaning Tower of Pisa_2

On February 27, 1964, the Italian government announced that it was accepting suggestions on how to save the renowned Leaning Tower of Pisa from collapse. Here are 5 things you probably didn’t know about the Leaning Tower of Pisa...

It Took a Long Time to Build the Tower of Pisa

Construction of the Leaning Tower of Pisa wasn’t a fast project and took several hundred years because wars kept getting in the way. The bell tower that was part of the public cathedral was started in 1173, but work stopped in 1178 due to military conflicts. After a hiatus until 1272, 12 more years of construction was accomplished when it had to stop again because of war. The tower wasn’t completed until 1372.

It Was Built on Unstable Ground

The ground around the area of Pisa is composed of clay, sand and river deposits, which makes the terrain soft for stable construction, especially tall buildings. Water underneath the ground made it difficult to build a deep foundation, so the architect could go only about 10 feet down, which isn’t very deep for a building that is seven stories tall and built of heavy marble. It was obvious that the building was tilting by the time the first story was completed, but modifications were made to adjust for the lean and builders continued adding to it.

Mussolini Made it Worse

In 1934, fascist dictator Benito Mussolini decided that the Tower of Pisa, because of its lean, damaged the country’s reputation and allocated money to have it straightened. His men drilled the foundation full of holes and tried to fix it by pumping in tons of cement. Instead of fixing the lean in the tower, it made it worse because the base sank down even more, increasing the lean.

American Troops Refused to Destroy the Tower of Pisa

The Germans, during World War II, almost succeeded in bringing down the tower, although accidentally. The U.S. Army, which was advancing, was ordered to demolish the enemy resources and buildings in 1944. However, the soldiers were so enthralled by the charms of the Tower of Pisa, they never called for an artillery volley to bring the tower down.

Pisa Has Other Structures That Lean

The soft grounds around Pisa haven’t just caused the tower to lean, but they've also created foundation instability in a number of other buildings in the area. San Nicola, a church built in the 12th century, leans. Although it isn’t as well known as its famous cousin, the church tower of San Michele degli Scalzi, which learns over at an impressive five degrees.

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PHKRAUSE

I did not  know  that  it  took  almost  200     years  to  build  the  bell tower  from 1173 to 1372===

I  did  not  know  that  even though the  U.S. ARMY  was to  demolish  all  buildings  that  they

did not  demolish  the  bell tower

dgrimm60

 

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5 Things You Didn't Know About M*A*S*H_2

On this day in 1983, the sitcom M*A*S*H ended out after 11 seasons, airing a special two-and-a-half hour episode watched by 77% of the television viewing audience. To commemorate the men and women of the 4077th Mobile Army Surgical Hospital, check out these five fun facts about the show...

The Pilot for the Show Was Written in Two Days

Larry Gelbart, the screenwriter, had served in the military during World War II and was a member of the Armed Forces Radio Service. He wrote the pilot for M*A*S*H in two days, and it aired on September 17, 1972. He earned $25,000 for his work. The pilot was based on the film by Robert Altman and a 1968 book by Richard Hooker entitled MASH: A Novel About Three Army Doctors.

Two of the Stars Served in the Korean War

Alan Alda was a junior officer during the 1950s. He fought in the Korean War and served six months in the Army Reserve, so military life wasn’t new to him. Jamie Farr served in the Army and was stationed in Korea. He wore his own dog tags throughout his role as Corporal Maxwell Klinger.

Years After the Show Ended, Gary Burghoff Bought Radar's Teddy Bear

Corporal Radar O’Reilly was known for having a teddy bear while he was serving in Korea, and the bear could be seen throughout the show’s run. However, when the series ended, the bear disappeared and was missing in action for 22 years. It finally appeared at an auction and was bought by a medical student for $11,500. Gary Burghoff, who played Radar, bought it from that student.

Klinger’s Wedding Dress Was Used Three Times in the Show

Klinger’s character, played by Jamie Farr, wore women’s clothes during the show in order to try and get thrown out of the Army, and when his character married Laverne Esposito, he wore a wedding dress. Margaret Houlihan wore the same dress when she married Lt. Col Penobscott. Soon-Lee wore the dress again when she married Klinger.

The Time Capsule Wasn’t Hidden Away for Long

In the episode before the last one, Major Margaret Houlihan collected items for a time capsule. Thinking it was a great idea, the cast really did bury a time capsule, however, the capsule was discovered two months later when developers who had bought the property started digging up the area to lay water mains and sewer lines. The construction worker who found the time capsule contacted Alda to see if he wanted it, but Alda wasn’t interested.

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5 Things You Didn't Know About Yellowstone Park

On March 1, 1872, Yellowstone National Park was established after President Ulysses S. Grant signed the legislation into law. Travel along to discover these 5 things you probably didn’t know about this treasured American Park...

Half the Geothermal Features in the World Are at Yellowstone

Yellowstone Park is unique in that it has more than 10,000 geothermal features and about 75 percent of the geysers in the world, including Old Faithful. Geothermal features include geysers, mud pots, hot springs, fumaroles, and travertine terraces. Old Faithful erupts 20 times each day within a time variation of about 10 minutes and spews out up to 8,400 gallons of hot water, so it’s an amazing sight.

Yellowstone Was Guarded by the U.S. Army

Congress refused to appropriate money to care for the park in 1886, so in late summer the U.S. Army was sent to enforce the park’s regulations, including using cavalry to patrol its enormous interior. The biggest problem was from poachers, who were a threat to the wildlife inside the park. Government troops protected the park until 1918, when the National Park Service took over.

The World’s Biggest Supervolcano Is at Yellowstone

There are only six supervolcanoes in the world, and the biggest one is underneath Yellowstone. The caldera is 45 miles long, and the width is 34 miles, making the magma chamber double the size of the Grand Canyon. There is no need to pack up and move though because the last time it erupted was around 640,000 years ago.

Humans Lived at Yellowstone More Than 11,000 Years Ago

Although European Americans first visited the Yellowstone area in the early parts of the 1800s, its human history goes back more than 11,000 years. Sites located in many places in the park have turned up Paleoindian artifacts such as projectile points and stone tools, especially near Yellowstone Lake. Oral histories from different tribes such as the Shoshone, Nez Perce, Blackfeet, and Crow say that between the years 1400 and 1700, they used the area for hunting, trading, ceremonies, and for other reasons.

More Types of Animals Live in Yellowstone Than the Rest of Mainland America

Wildlife found within Yellowstone is diverse and abundant, and it has been estimated that 67 mammal species, 318 bird species, and 16 different types of fish make it their home. The types of different mammals include wolves, grizzly bears, elk, moose, American bison, and mountain lions. The park rules warn visitors that these are wild animals and it is safest to view them from your vehicle.

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PHKRAUSE

I  did  not  know that the  pilot  was  written  in 2  days===I  did  not  know  about the time  capsule

dgrimm60

 

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5 Things You Didn't Know About Charlie Chaplin

On March 2, 1978, two grave robbers stole silent film star Charlie Chaplin's body from a cemetery in the Swiss village of Corsier-sur-Vevey. Here are 5 things you didn’t know about this talented early film star...

Chaplin Spent 18 Months of His Childhood in a Poor House

Chaplin’s father was an alcoholic who died at 37, and his mother was in poor health and eventually admitted to a mental institution. Chaplin and his half-brother, for these reasons and family finances, were sent to a boarding school for destitute children and orphans, where they remained for about 18 months. However, this was the longest period of time where Chaplin received continuous schooling, learning to read and write while there.

He Married Three Separate Teenagers

Chaplin’s first wife was actress Mildred Harris in 1918, who was 17 at the time. His second wife was Lita Grey, age 16 and also an actress. In 1943, Chaplin, who was 54 at the time, married Oona O’Neill, 18, and the daughter of playwright Eugene O’Neill. Their marriage lasted until Chaplin died, and they had eight children together.

Chaplin Acted in an Astonishing Number of Films

Although many of his early silent movies were on one reel, Chaplin acted in 36 films for Keystone Studios, headed by Max Sennett, 15 two-reel films, which he directed, wrote and starred in and 12 films released by the Mutual Film Corporation between 1916 and 1917. In addition, he appeared in nine films produced by his own production company and 23 additional films while he was with United Artists. Some of his most popular films include Modern Times, The Great Dictator, The Kid, which was child actor Jackie Coogan’s first major role, and City Lights.

He Was Not Allowed to Come Back to the United States

Chaplin never applied for American citizenship, even though he had lived in the country for nearly 40 years. When he went on vacation to England in 1942, he was refused reentry into the United States because he had built a reputation as a communist sympathizer. Instead of challenging the allegations, Chaplin moved his family to Switzerland and only came back to the United States again one time in 1972 when he was given an honorary Academy Award.

Chaplin’s Body Was Stolen Two Months After His Death

In 1978, several months following his death, Chaplin’s body was stolen from a cemetery in Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland, and held for ransom. Two auto mechanics, one from Bulgaria and the other from Poland were arrested, and Chaplin’s body was discovered in Corsair, around one mile from his family home, buried in a cornfield. The Pole, Roman Wardas, was sentenced to 4 ½ years at hard labor, while his cohort, Gantscho Ganev, received a suspended sentence of 18 months.

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PHKRAUSE

I did  not  know  that  he  live  in poor  house  for  children for  18 months===I did  not

know  that  he  had  married  3 different time  all to  teenage  young  girls

dgrimm60

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5 Things You Didn't Know About Helen Keller

On March 3, 1887, Helen Keller met her miracle worker, Anne Sullivan, who taught her how to communicate with the outside world. Here are 5 things you didn’t know about the extraordinary life of Helen Keller...

Keller’s Teacher Suffered From Poor Vision

Although Keller was both blind and deaf from an illness when she was small, her teacher, Anne Sullivan, had vision problems as well and had graduated from the Perkins School for the Blind. It was that school that sent Sullivan to tutor Keller, who was a bright child but unruly and spoiled. Sullivan tried to teach Keller by signing manually on her hand, and the young girl finally caught on when Sullivan poured water over the child’s hand and signed the word for water.

Keller Was a Good Friend of Author Mark Twain

Keller met author Mark Twain in 1895 when she was a teenager, and they became friends because of their mutual admiration and agreement on politics. Twain talked wealthy industrialist Henry Huttleston Rogers, who had made his fortune in oil, into paying for the girl’s education. In addition, Twain was the first individual known to have called Anne Sullivan, Keller’s companion and teacher, the miracle worker.

Although She Fell in Love, Keller Never Married

In 1916, Keller fell in love at age 36 with a younger man named Peter Fagan, who was temporarily working for her as a secretary because Sullivan had become ill. They became engaged secretly and obtained a license to get married but were stopped by Keller’s family because of her disability. Later in life, she regretted that she had never married.

Keller Was a Socialist

Keller belonged to the Socialist Party and was one of the founders of the American Civil Liberties Union. She supported women’s suffrage and workers’ rights and was an admirer of Vladimir Lenin. Because of her views, the FBI kept her under surveillance for a large part of her life.

She Was a Strong Advocate for Educating the Disabled

Keller traveled around the world to spread her message on educating the disabled, blind and deaf to 39 different countries, including Syria, Japan, and the United Kingdom. In 1952, she visited the Middle East, giving lectures, and visiting schools established to teach the disabled and organizations that worked to help the blind.

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PHKRAUSE

I did  not  know  that she  was  friends with MARK TWAIN and  that  his  friend  help  her with the  cost

of her  education===I  did  not  know that  she  traveled to  39   different countries  helping

with  disabled  blind and  deaf people

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5 Things You Didn't Know About Martha Stewart

On March 4, 2005, Martha Stewart was released from prison after serving five months. You’ll be surprised by the following 5 things you probably didn’t know about this cooking and home decorating maven.

As a Child, She Babysat for Some of the Greatest Baseball Players

Stewart grew up in New Jersey and worked as a babysitter occasionally when she was ten. She babysat for the children of Mickey Mantle, Gil McDougald, and Yogi Berra, all of whom were ballplayers for the New York Yankees. Mantle and his wife had four little boys, and Stewart not only babysat them but helped to organize their birthday parties.

She Modeled to Pay Her College Expenses

When Stewart was 15, she began appearing in television commercials for Tareyton and Unilever. Although she had a scholarship to the posh Barnard College in New York City, her modeling helped pay for her education there. In a documentary featuring Stewart, she said she was being paid $50 per hour to model, which was a considerable amount at that time.

Her Books Caught the Attention of the Public

In 1982, Martha Stewart’s book, “Entertaining,” was published while she was running a successful catering business in Connecticut. She’s written dozens of books on cooking, homemaking, gardening, crafts, weddings, and entertaining as well as a new “How to Do (Almost) Everything” book that was released in 2019. From books, she expanded to a magazine, a television show, and much more.

Stewart’s Conviction Was Related to a Sale of Stock

Stewart was convicted for lying to investigators and obstruction of justice and served five months in prison at FPC Alderson in West Virginia followed by five months of home confinement and two years of supervised probation. She picked up the nickname M. Diddy in the minimum security facility, and indicated that prison had been a horrible experience overall. During her period of house arrest, she was allowed to leave her home in Bedford, New York, for business outings 48 hours per week.

She Was the First Female Billionaire Who Was Self-Made

Martha Stewart made history when her company went public on the New York Stock Exchange in 2000. She became the first woman who became a billionaire through her own efforts. Her company merged and became Sequential Brands, which owns other companies such as Avia, Jessica Simpson, and Emeril Lagasse.

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PHKRAUSE

I did  not  know that  she  babysat  for  children  of  major  baseball  players===I  did  not  know that

she  did  modeling  to  help  pay doe  her  college

dgrimm60

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5 Things You Didn't Know About The Boston Massacre

On the cold, snowy night of March 5, 1770, the Boston Massacre occurred when British soldiers in Boston opened fire on a group of American colonists.  Here are 5 things you probably didn't know about the Boston Massacre...

Tempers Rose Among the Colonists Because of One British Officer

The streets had been crowded that day. The colonists hurled insults at the British soldiers, but things did not get serious until a barber’s apprentice taunted a British captain for not paying the bill for having his hair dressed. A sentinel followed after the boy and responded by striking him with the butt of his musket, and the boy left crying and told others what had happened. Later, an angry group found the man who had struck the boy, and the British soldiers began pushing back the crowd with bayonets and loaded and primed their weapons.

The Altercation Began as a Snowball Fight

Crowds of colonists began gathering and hurling taunts at the British soldiers who were guarding the Boston Customs House in protest of the British occupation of the city. The commanding officer, Captain Thomas Preston, ordered his men to fix bayonets to support the guard stationed outside. The colonists began hurling snowballs, stones, and sticks at the British soldiers, who then began poking the colonists with their bayonets. One British private, Hugh Montgomery, was struck and he fired into the crowd with other soldiers joining in.

It Wasn’t Always Called the Boston Massacre

The first popular name for the incident was “The Bloody Massacre,” which was the title of an engraving by Paul Revere. During the early 1800s, it was referred to as the State Street Massacre. It wasn’t until many years later that it became known as the Boston Massacre.

Many Consider the Colonists’ Deaths as the First of the American Revolution

The five colonists who were killed that day were Crispus Attucks, a black and Native American stevedore; Patrick Carr, a 30-year-old man in the leather business; Samuel Gray, a rope maker; and Samuel Maverick and James Caldwell who were both 17-years-old. Some historians regard the deaths of these men as the first of the American Revolutionary War fatalities.

John Adams Defended the Accused British Soldiers

John Adams, the future second president of the United States and one of its founding fathers, along with Josiah Quincy, a brother of the prosecutor, defended the eight British soldiers accused of murder. The soldiers were tried separately. In the first trial, the soldier was not only acquitted, but it was the first time that a judge had used the term “reasonable doubt.” Six out of the eight soldiers were acquitted of the charge, and the other two were found guilty of manslaughter and their thumbs were branded with an “M” for murder.

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PHKRAUSE

I did  not  know  that JOHN ADAMS  defended  the  8 British  soldiers  and I did  not  know that 6 

or the  8 were soldiers  acquitted  

dgrimm60

 

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7 Things You Didn't Know About Oreos

Happy National Oreo Cookie Day folks!  On March 6, 1912, Oreo sandwich cookies were introduced to the public in a grocery store in Hoboken, New Jersey. Whether you dunk them, twist them or eat them whole, here are 7 surprising things you should know about Oreo cookies...

It takes 59 minutes to make an Oreo.

Each Oreo wafer is baked for exactly 290.6 seconds at a temperature of 400°F from above and 300°F from below.  Every Oreo cookie contains 90 ridges, 12 flowers, 12 dashes, and 12 dots.

They Weren't the Original Chocolate Wafer Sandwich Cookie

Oreos were introduced in 1912, but a similar cookie -- two chocolate wafers with embossing surrounding a creme center -- already existed. Hydrox, made by Sunshine Biscuits, had debuted in 1908. The Hydrox cookie was named after hydrogen and oxygen, which the company somehow thought would make people think of cleanliness. Hydrox's cookie was not as sweet, but it was crunchier and also kosher, which the pork-lard-laden Oreo was not. However, the sweeter Oreo eventually gained a bigger audience. Hydrox was revived a few years ago but has since become hard to find; the company, Leaf Brands LLC, has filed a lawsuit against Mondelez International (the current owners of the Oreo and Nabisco brands) claiming that the company has illegally hidden Hydrox from consumers. Mondelez denies the claim, but news stories have mentioned other claims from supermarket workers who noted they found entire stocks of Hydrox cookies moved from their planned location on shelves.

They Used to Be Called Oreo Biscuits

When Oreos first went on sale, they were not sandwich cookies in name; they were called Oreo Biscuits. No one actually knows what "Oreo" means, although the original package for these biscuits was colored gold, and the name "Oreo" is similar to the French word for gold. The name has also been linked to a quality symbol possibly used at the time in Europe. The cookies went through a few minor name changes over the years (most notably from "biscuit" to "sandwich" in 1921); they didn't become "cookies" in name until the 1970s.

Cookie Lovers Have Enjoyed More Than 500 Billion Oreos

Since they were invented in 1912, over 500 billion Oreo cookies have been enjoyed around the world.  If all the Oreos ever sold were laid end to end along the equator they could circle the earth 381 times. That same number of cookies stacked could reach the moon and back five times.

The Ratio of the Oreo is Precise

The perfection of an Oreo cookie is down to an exact science. The cookie- to- crème ratio of an original Oreo cookie is always, without fail, 71 percent to 29 percent.

Previous Holiday-Themed Oreos Included a Dunking Kit and an Oreo "Record Player"

In 2018, Oreo decided to cater to the crowds of cookie-dunkers who no longer wanted to end up with wet crumbs all over their fingers and released a cookie-dunking set that included a small pair of tongs. Another gift set was a "record player" upon which you'd set an Oreo cookie; you'd move a tiny phonograph arm over the cookie, and the player would start playing music. The player didn't actually play the cookie -- the music was pre-recorded -- but you could "play" several variations of the cookies that were included in the set. No word on what happens when you try to play the cookies backward.

About 60 Years Went by When Oreo Didn't Have Additional Variations

It seems bizarre to think about it now, but for about 60 years, the only Oreo flavor available was the basic creme flavor. When the cookie debuted, it came in both that creme flavor and in a lemon meringue flavor, which was soon dropped. It wasn't until the Big Stuf Oreos (with one F) were released in the 1980s that the company started branching out. Now the cookies are known for having several year-round flavor variations, seasonal flavors, and a "The Most Stuf" variation.

[dgrimm60]

PHKRAUSE

I did  not  know that  each  cookie  had 90  ridges===12 flowers ===12  dashes ===12  dots

I  also  did  not  know  about the  different  names==from  biscuits===to sandwich===to cookies

dgrimm60

[phkrause]

5 Things You Didn't Know About Alexander Graham Bell

On March 7, 1876, Alexander Graham Bell was granted a U.S. patent for his invention of the telephone. To celebrate that landmark development in telecommunications history, here are five things you probably didn't know about Alexander Graham Bell...

Bell Originally Used "Harmonic Telegraph" to Describe the Idea That Later Became the Telephone

Bell wanted to combine the communicative abilities of the telegraph with the sound capabilities of the record players available in the day. As a result of the combination of technologies, he at first called the telephone the "harmonic telegraph," meaning that it was a telegraph-like instrument that could emit sound in the form of language instead of just clicks. He later applied the word "telephone," but that was not a new word — it had been around since about the 17th century as a description for the old cans-and-string toy used by children.

He Filed for a Patent Two Hours Before His Rival — and Faced Hundreds of Lawsuits Afterward

Bell was lucky when he filed for a patent for his telephone; a major rival, Elisha Gray, got to the patent office just a couple of hours later to file a caveat, or a notice of an upcoming patent. Unfortunately, so many inventors were working on their versions of telephones that Bell found himself facing hundreds of lawsuits over the next several years. Of particular importance was a lawsuit that Gray filed, claiming that Bell's telephone used concepts that Gray had invented. Bell had to show that he had both the idea for the telephone and for the major concepts before Gray thought of them.

Bell Created a Wireless Phone

No, really, Bell created a version of a wireless phone that used light instead of wires. It was called the photophone and was patented in 1880. He believed it could be used by sailors at sea to communicate with harbors on land, but there wasn't enough associated technology to put the photophone to widespread use. The photophone itself actually worked — that means a wireless phone existed long before any of the cell phones that seemed so advanced in the 20th century.

Some of the Events Surrounding the First Telephone Message May Have Been Exaggerated

Stories about the first message, in which Bell tells Watson to come over to where he (Bell) is, range from the bland (Bell said something; Watson heard) to the lurid (acid spills). However, the duller stories may be the ones that are closer to the truth. Watson's great-granddaughter has said that Watson himself made up the acid story simply because the real story was not very interesting.

He Created a Prototype Iron Lung

Bell's sons died in infancy, and one of them died of a respiratory condition. In response, Bell worked on something he called a metal vacuum jacket, which was supposed to help people breathe. This jacket was a prototype iron lung, though its plans showed it was not as big and was supposed to wrap around a person or animal's midsection and chest, instead of enclosing the whole body. Bell tested it on animals, but the invention itself went nowhere. The modern iron lung was invented in the 1920s.

[dgrimm60]

PHKRAUSE

I did not know that he  1st  call his  invention  the HARMONIC TELEGRAPH

I did  not  know  that he  had  also invented a  wireless  phone  work by light

dgrimm60