There seems to be some difficulty in understanding when John the Baptist first recognised that Jesus was the Messiah, the Christ and thus the Lamb of God who would take away the sin of the world. The first is the testimony of John, that he did not know the identity of the Christ, the Son of God, until he saw the Spirit descending and abiding on him:
John 1:29-34 (KJV): 29 The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world. 30 This is he of whom I said, After me cometh a man which is preferred before me: for he was before me. 31 And I knew him not: but that he should be made manifest to Israel, therefore am I come baptizing with water. 32 And John bare record, saying, I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove, and it abode upon him. 33 And I knew him not: but he that sent me to baptize with water, the same said unto me, Upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending, and remaining on him, the same is he which baptizeth with the Holy Spirit. 34 And I saw, and bare record that this is the Son of God.
Please also note that John the Baptist states this after Jesus returns from the 40 days in the wilderness.
Now how do we reconcile this with the following which occurred before Jesus’ baptism in the water, and before the Spirit descended in the form of a dove?
Matthew 3:13-17 (KJV): 13 Then cometh Jesus from Galilee to Jordan unto John, to be baptized of him. 14 But John forbad him, saying, I have need to be baptized of thee, and comest thou to me? 15 And Jesus answering said unto him, Suffer it to be so now: for thus it becometh us to fulfil all righteousness. Then he suffered him. 16 And Jesus, when he was baptized, went up straightway out of the water: and, lo, the heavens were opened unto him, and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove, and lighting upon him: 17 And lo a voice from heaven, saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.
Now why would John the Baptist initially refuse to baptise Jesus, and acknowledge that Jesus was greater than he was, if he did not know that Jesus was the Christ?
One possibility is what Jesus said to John when asked as to what sins he had to confess. Jesus would have answered that he had no sins to confess, or that he had lived in perfect conscience until that day. Now I believe that John would have been given the Holy Spirit to discern the hearts of those that came to him for baptism, and this is one reason why he rejected the Pharisees, in their pride and non-repentance. John would have discerned what Jesus had said was the truth, and this is the reason for John’s response, that Jesus was greater than he was, not that he immediately fully recognised Jesus as the Messiah. Then after the baptism when the Spirit descended visibly upon him as a Dove, John was fully persuaded that Jesus was the Christ, the Son of God, the Lamb of God who would take away the sin of the world.
Kind regards
Trevor