70 years Doubled
The state of the Sanctuary/Temple and Jerusalem concerned Daniel. It must have given him hope when the Lord revealed: “[Unto] two thousand and three hundred days; then shall the sanctuary be cleansed” (Daniel 8:14). But there was no Sanctuary in Jerusalem to cleanse. Thus, there was much that Daniel could not understand, and that he still wanted to know.
Unto is not in the original text of Daniel 8:14. The word after could easily have been used: After two thousand and three hundred days; then shall the sanctuary be cleansed.
In spite of the 70 years being fulfilled and in spite of King Cyrus’ decree being issued on time, the Temple was in ruins, Jerusalem had not yet been rebuilt and many Jews remained in Babylon. The prophecies were not yet completely fulfilled, for the Lord had also said:
Jerusalem fell...............................................605 BC
70 years doubled...………………......………...…… -140 years
Temple built/Captivity ends.........….............465 BC
The 70 years of Jewish captivity that had ended in the reign of Cyrus were doubled to 140 years from the 605 BC fall of Jerusalem to 465 BC, King Artaxerxes’ ascension year, when he finished his father’s official Last Year. According to Babylonian and Persian custom: A king ruled from New Year’s Day in March to the next New Year’s Day. Thus, there was a brief tarrying time between the end of the 140 years and the beginning of Artaxerxes’ reign. Counting from 464 BC (King Artaxerxes’ First Year), Ezra “came to Jerusalem in the fifth month, which [was] in the seventh year of the king…on the first [day] of the fifth month came he to Jerusalem” (Ezra 7:8-9, ed).
The Temple had been finished “on the third day of the month Adar, which was in the sixth year of the reign of Darius” (Ezra 6:15). But the prophecies were not completely fulfilled, as Ezra explained, “The elders of the Jews builded …and finished it, according to the commandment of the God of Israel, and according to the commandment of Cyrus, and Darius, and Artaxerxes king of Persia” (6:14, ed).
If the prophecy had been completely fulfilled when the Temple was finished in the reign of King Darius, the decree of Artaxerxes would not have been needed. His decree, that fulfilled the prophecy, was issued in 457 BC.
For Bible prophetic calculations, a year has 360 days. Based on Daniel 8:14, the 2300-day prophecy [2300÷360] was 6 years, 4 months, and 20 days. Thus, 6 years and 4 months into Artaxerxes’ reign, Ezra arrived in Jerusalem on the 1st day of the 5th month, which was 19 days before the literal 2300-day prophecy ended. Thus, after 2300 literal days were fulfilled in King Artaxerxes’ 7th year, the rebuilt Sanctuary in Jerusalem was cleansed on the Day of Atonement in 457 BC according to the king’s decree:
Artaxerxes decree linked the cleansing of the rebuilt Sanctuary to Judgment. At the end of the 140 years and the literal 2300 days, this decree more completely fulfilled the prophecy than the earlier decrees of Cyrus and Darius. But the 457 BC cleansing of the Sanctuary did not completely fulfill every condition in Daniel 8:14. The word translated as cleansed means: To be put or made right, be justified. This cleansing of the Sanctuary did not completely make the Sanctuary right, because it had to be cleansed yearly.